[Drugs]Ketalar, PCP, LSD, N20 & another Drugs[www.erowid.org].pdf

KETAMINE

Trade name Ketalar, Ketajet, Ketaset

A.K.A. Special K or Ket

By Trinka Porrata

Edited August 9, 2002

Abuse of ketamine (pronounced Kee-ta-meen) goes hand in hand with gamma hydroxy butyrate

(GHB) and MDMA (Ecstasy). Where you find one, you will likely find the others. All three are

very popular with the RAVE party crowd. Ketamine hcl, a cat tranquilizer and the most

commonly used anesthetic in the Vietnam War, is also used in sexual assault on occasion since it

puts the victim in a frozen state for at least a brief period of time. It was big in the 70’s with

New Age types like Dr. John Lilly (the model for the William Hurt character in the movie

Altered States) and Timothy Leary.

Ketamine comes in

injectable form, liquid, for

legitimate use. It is most

commonly dried (oven or

microwave or air). The

crusty residue is ground to

a fine powder and is then

most commonly inhaled.

In order for a vial of ketamine to be in an abuser’s hand, someone has already smuggled it in

from Mexico or robbed or burglarized a vet clinic or pharmacy, or in some other manner diverted

the product for illicit use. In spite of that fact, when ketamine was made a Schedule III

Controlled Substance in California, it was specifically exempted from possession charges under

11377 H&S. While it is a chemical analog of PCP and would appear at first glance to be a mere

possession charge (again, 11377) under the analog section, it was specifically excluded. It was

just a 4060 B&P Code section misdemeanor for mere possession (of a controlled substance

without a prescription) until January 1999. In 1998 legislation was introduced to make it a

felony for mere possession. That effort fell short, resulting only in making it an H&S

misdemeanor.

In California, suspects can be charged for possession for sale and sales under 11379.2 H&S.

As of January 1999, mere possession of ketamine should be charged as 11377b(2), a new

section and a misdemeanor.

Ketamine

Page 2

Ketamine is now federally Schedule III. DEA has been collecting and evaluating abuse,

diversion and trafficking data, and all agencies are encouraged to provide information re

seizures and arrests to the DEA’s Washington Diversion Unit.

Ketamine is essentially a less-potent version of PCP. This shorter duration is a good selling

point to users looking for a more manageable high. The RAVE crowd tended to avoid PCP and

LSD, feeling they take you too far out of reality. But, LSD has made a big comeback with the

RAVERS and it seems PCP is slowly rising too.

While ketamine and GHB and MDMA provide out of body experiences and whack reality quite

a bit, it is still a bit below the out-to-lunch level of PCP and LSD trips. But, of course, that

varies with the amount taken and other drugs combined with it. And, flashbacks from ketamine

are common.

One Ket user stated, “If you take enough [it will] give you a preview of your own death, put you

in contact with seraph-like entities, and convince you that you’ve just seen God in a disco ball.”

True RAVERS boast that they don’t drink and drive like their parents. Instead, they plan to

spend 14 hours or so at a party. They do their drugs and more drugs, and pass out, and then

wake up and drive. With increasing “semi underground” (such as at fairgrounds and other

unsuspecting locations) and “above ground” (setting up special events at legitimate clubs and

facilities) RAVES, there is an increase in driving under the influence issues. Above ground

RAVES typically involve alcohol also.

Like GHB and Rohypnol and MDMA, ketamine has been around for a long time. Abuse levels

wavered in the 1980s but during the 1990s have been on a steady rise. . Physicians also

sometimes personally abuse it. For example, the California Medical Board has investigated and

taken the license of one plastic surgeon that liked to take it prior to doing surgery. Besides the

techno music RAVE set, ketamine is commonly encountered in homosexual communities.

Ketamine has been encountered around the State of California as elsewhere on an increasingly

frequent basis. The limited exposure law enforcement has had to it is probably reflective of the

unique and rather “closed” communities where it is most popular, the RAVE crowd, the gay

community and private professional abuse. The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, for

example, recovered from three to 330 bottles of ketamine (a total of 468 bottles, plus a little

powder), primarily in the West Hollywood vicinity, during six incidents in 1995 and 1996. In

May 1999, officers in Dayton, Ohio, seized a full pound of ketamine powder. Even North

Carolina has seized significant quantities.

Ketamine is a psychedelic anesthetic classified medically as a dissociative anesthetic, discovered

by Dr. Cal Stevens of Wayne State University in 1961. Heavily used on the battlefields of

Vietnam, it is used today for short-term surgical procedures in both animals and humans. For

human consumption, it is marketed as Ketalar by Parke-Davis.

Ketamine

Page 3

It is sold only to hospitals and physicians. Since it does not depress critical body vitals as much

as other anesthetics, it is often used in procedures with burn victims, for example. It produces a

dissociative state in the central nervous system in which amnesia and profound analgesia (loss of

pain) are induced, though the patient does not appear to be asleep. This ability to induce a lack

of awareness to the environment is the effect abusers crave. Doctors and vets typically use it

only when resuscitation equipment is available. It is NOT a “take home” drug that a vet would

“prescribe” or give to a pet owner. Don’t fall for the line, “Oh, my vet gave it to me for my cat.”

It may produce pleasant dream-like states, vivid imagery, hallucinations and possibly extreme

delirium. This usually lasts only a few hours. Excitement and visual disturbances can recur days

or weeks after exposure to ketamine; the problem with “flashbacks” may be greater with

ketamine than with other hallucinogens. It also produces ataxia, slurring of speech, dizziness,

confusion, blurred vision, anxiety and insomnia.

Signs of being under the influence may vary greatly. It may product bursts of energy,

disorientation and mild-to-severe hallucinations. The effects are much briefer than PCP, lasting

only 30-60 minutes versus hours. In larger doses or mixed with alcohol, it may produce

vomiting (which is also commonly associated with GHB use).

I was told in early 1998 that while the volume of legitimate use of ketamine had not changed

significantly, production of ketamine was up 40 percent. That’s a significant statement of its

abuse levels. It is not produced clandestinely, since it involves a complicated, multi-step

synthesis and because the necessary chemicals are not readily available. It comes in injectable

form, liquid, for legitimate use. It is most commonly dried (oven or microwave or air). The

crusty residue is ground to a fine powder and most commonly inhaled. The liquid may be

injected, applied to smokable material or consumed in drinks. Powdered K has been encountered

in one-inch ziplock baggies, paper folds or capsules. These packets may contain from 0.07 to 0.2

grams.

One liquid vial (10 ml, at a strength of 100 mg/ml) of ketamine produces about one gram of

saleable powder. It is generally not diluted (“cut”) with any other product, though it could be. It

is close in appearance to cocaine and heroin, but is described as a white, crystalline powder,

duller and more powdery than cocaine.

Dosage is typically 20 mg per nostril (about a level coke spoon), repeated three or four times

until the desired level is achieved. It takes only 25 mg of PCP to provide full psychedelic

experience (about 100 mg of ketamine for a similar effect). A dose usually runs about $20.

Following the intravenous administration of 1 or 2 mg/kg of ketamine over a period of about one

minutes (or 6 to 13 mg/kg intramuscularly), within 15 seconds, the user will experience

sensations of dissociation (e.g. derealization, depersonalization, distortion, or fragmentation of

thought) and, within 30 seconds, the user will go unconscious.

Ketamine

Page 4

This may last 10 to 15 minutes and analgesia may persist for 50 minutes. Amnesia may be

present for one to two hours. A dose of just 0.07 grams of powder may produce common

symptoms of intoxication and a mechanical buzzing in the user’s ears. Users of 0.2 grams may

enter the mellow, colorful “K-land,” while 0.5 grams is more likely to take you to the “K-Hole,”

with out-of-body, near death encounters, hallucinations and delirium, etc. Effects usually last an

hour or less, but judgement, coordination and senses may be affected for 18 to 24 hours.

Most commonly called Ket, K or Special K, it may also be referred to as Green (apparently for

the green label on the Ketajet box). Other names include 1980 Acid, Super C, Vitamin K, Super

Acid, Special LA Coke, Baby Food (users sink into blissful, infantile inertia) and God (because

users often are convinced they have met their maker), Jet (Texas), Honey Oil, Blast, and Gas. A

dose is called a “bump.”

The K-hole is where you go when on it. K-head is a user. Calvin Klein refers to a combo of

cocaine and ketamine. Product 19 refers to a combo of MDMA and ketamine.

While ketamine is approved for commercial use as a veterinary product in cats and monkeys for

short-duration surgery or immobilization, there is currently no FDA approved commercial use

for humans, although doctors can prescribe ketamine to patients under the FDA’s “EXTRA

LABEL USE POLICY.” This allows a physician to prescribe a drug that is approved for one use

to be prescribed for another, unapproved, use. For example:

--Ketamine is still used as an anesthetic for children in whom the unpleasant emergence

reactions are less frequent.

--Ketamine was used for battlefield injuries (Vietnam and elsewhere) for rapid induction.

--Ketamine has been used for repeated procedures such as radiation therapy and the

changing of burn dressings in which analgesia (pain reduction) is desired by deep anesthesia is

not required or may even be dangerous (depressing vitals).

--Ketamine has been used by psychiatrists to break down mental barriers and by doctors

in Russia as a treatment for alcohol withdrawal.

As of 1996 the retail price of Ketamine was $7 per vial. The middleman in the abuse cycle

might pay $30 to $45 per vial and the end user $100 to $200 per vial. A dose (“bump”) is about

0.2 grams and costs about $20.

Tolerance and psychological dependence can develop with daily exposure. Chronic users may

have short-term memory loss, impaired vision or attention span limitations.

Ketamine

Page 5

Ttokyo brand “kettamina” is the latest addition. Fort Dodge cut back on their production,

dropping exports because it was all coming back into the US for abuse purposes. This brand in a

blue/white box/label began to surfaced, quickly filling the gap and seeking the abuse market.

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