A History of Rock Music 1951-2008.pdf
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The History of
Rock Music:
1951-2008
by
Piero Scaruffi
(Copyright © 2009 Piero Scaruffi)
Table of Contents
Preface
1.
From subculture to counterculture (roughly 1951‐1966)
1.
Background: The 20th Century
2.
Rock'n'Roll 1951‐57
3.
Before the Flood 1957‐1962
4.
Trouble in Paradise 1961‐1964
5.
The Flood 1964‐1965
6.
Paradise Reborn 1963‐1965
7.
The Counterculture 1965‐66
8.
Minimalism and Electronics
2.
The classics (roughly 1966‐1969)
1.
The Late 1960s: The Democratization of Politics
2.
Psychedelia 1965‐68
3.
The Age of the Revivals 1966‐69
4.
Solo Careers 1967‐69
5.
Electronics and Rock 1968‐70
6.
Progressive‐rock 1968‐72
7.
Canterbury 1968‐73
8.
Kosmische Musik 1969‐72
9.
Hard‐rock 1969‐73
3.
The Seventies (roughly 1970‐75)
1.
The Early 1970s: A Crisis of Confidence
2.
Psychedelic Minds 1970‐73
3.
Re‐alignment 1970‐74
4.
Singer‐songwriters 1970‐74
5.
Decadence 1969‐76
6.
Sound 1973‐78
7.
The Auteurs 1975‐82
8.
Disco‐music 1975‐80
4.
Punk and New Wave (roughly 1976‐88)
1.
The 1980s: The Last Gasps of the Cold War
2.
The New Wave
3.
Punk‐rock
4.
The Blank Generation
5.
American Graffiti
6.
British Graffiti
7.
Dance Music for Punks
8.
Gothic Rock
9.
Industrial Music
10.
Hardcore
11.
College‐pop
12.
The New Wave of Pop and Synth‐pop
13.
Neo‐progressive
14.
Noise‐rock
15.
Psychedelic Underground and Dream‐pop
16.
The Golden Age of Heavy Metal
17.
Singer‐songwriters of the 1980s
18.
Cow‐punks and Roots‐rock of the 1980s
19.
DJs, Rappers, Ravers
20.
The New Age and World‐music
21.
Shoegazing and Space‐pop
22.
Extreme Hardcore
23.
Industrial‐metal
24.
Punk Crossovers
25.
Between Acid‐rock and Industrial Music
26.
Between Noise‐rock and Post‐rock
27.
From Computer Music to Collage
5.
The Indie Revolution (roughly 1989‐1994)
1.
The Early 1990s: After the Cold War
2.
Female Rock
3.
Post‐rock
4.
Noisier than Rock
5.
Progressive Sounds
6.
Psychedelic Songwriting
7.
Garage Music for the Generation X
8.
Lo‐fi pop
9.
Between Individualism and Populism
10.
The Second Coming of Industrial Music
11.
Slo‐core
12.
Dance‐music in the Age of House
13.
Foxcore
14.
Brit and non‐Brit pop
15.
Alt‐pop
16.
Grunge
17.
The Golden Age of Hip‐hop Music
18.
Roots‐rock in the Age of Alt‐country
19.
The Age of Emocore
20.
From Grindcore to Stoner‐rock
21.
Gothic Rock
22.
Post‐ambient Music
23.
Concrete Avantgarde
6.
The Cyber Age (roughly 1995‐2001)
1.
The Late 1990s: Globalization
2.
Drum'n'Bass
3.
Trip‐hop
4.
Post‐post‐rock
5.
Ambience
6.
Africa
7.
Glitch Music and Digital Minimalism
8.
Exuberance
9.
Transcendence
10.
Violence
11.
Confusion
12.
Depression
13.
Doom
14.
Hip‐hop music
15.
Digital avantgarde
7.
The Digital Age (roughly 2001‐08)
1.
The 2000s: Decade of Fear
2.
DJs and Rappers
3.
Bards and Dreamers
4.
Tunesmiths
5.
Populists
6.
Intellectuals
7.
Clubbers
8.
Rockers
9.
Trippers
PREFACE
There is not one single history of rock music. There are several.
There is the history of the hits. Most books on rock music are histories of the hits. The
charts decide, i.e. the masses decide. Marx would have loved it, except there is a
catch: the masses tend to buy what is publicized by the media, which is what
corporations pay money to publicize. Marketing decides the charts. Invest a few
million dollars on me and even I, regardless of my musical talent, will break into the
charts, i.e. will become part of "that" history of rock music. Most books on the subject
are, in fact, books about the music industry. Very often, the profile of a musician is
simply a list of her/his successes in the Billboard charts ("that album broke into the
charts", "that album hit #5", "that album sold one million copies"). In other words,
books on rock music tend to treat musicians like corporations or start-ups, judging
them by their revenues, profits and marketing strategy.
Then there are national versions of the history of rock music. Italians have been more
exposed to British music than USA music. The Eagles and Creedence Clearwater
Revival are hardly known, whereas the Moody Blues and David Bowie are almost
household names. The history of rock music viewed from Italy is sharply different
from the history of rock music viewed from, say, Boston.
Finally, there are the individual histories of rock music. Each person grew up with a
different set of idols, and tends to center the history of rock music around those idols,
whether Led Zeppelin or Doobie Brothers.
My history of rock music is not a history of the charts (which i consider an
aberration), it is not a national version (i have lived in three continents and have
traveled to some 120 countries), and it is not an individual version (i grew up with
classical music, literature and science, not with rock music).
I simply listened to a lot of music, researched the origins of the various styles, and
drew my conclusions. Very often, i was unaware of how many records an artist sold (I
learned it later, when thousands of fans sent me nasty complaints). Very often, i am
unaware of what was popular in Italy or Boston.
Also, i feel no particular sympathy for any rock musician. My "idols" are Ernst,
Shostakovic, Pessoa, Coltrane... not rock musicians.
This is the most subjective history of rock music that one could possibly write. But
also the most impartial, independent, and balanced.
It ends up being mostly a history of "alternative" rock music. While this is a gross
approximation, it has become customary to separate "mainstream" music and
"alternative" music. If you do what i did (listen to the music without letting marketing
& sales influence you), it is very unlikely that you will end up selecting the musicians
who topped the charts, and very likely that you will be impressed by countless
obscure recordings that were twenty years ahead of their time even though nobody
heard them.
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