HANDBOOK OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF ULTRATHIN FILMS - Valeri P. Tolstoy.pdf

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"Handbook of Infrared Spectroscopy of Ultrathin Films"
HANDBOOK OF
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
OF ULTRATHIN FILMS
HANDBOOK OF
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
OF ULTRATHIN FILMS
Valeri P. Tolstoy
Irina V. Chernyshova
Valeri A. Skryshevsky
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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Copyright 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Tolstoy, V. P. (Valeri P.)
Handbook of infrared spectroscopy of ultrathin films / V. P.
Tolstoy, I. V. Chernyshova, V. A. Skryshevsky.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-471-35404-X (alk. paper)
1. Thin films — Optical properties. 2. Infrared spectroscopy.
I. Chernyshova, I. V. (Irina V.) II. Skryshevsky, V. A. (Valeri
A.) III. Title.
QC176.84.07 T65 2003
621.3815 2 — dc21
2001007192
Printed in the United States of America
10987654321
CONTENTS
Preface
xiii
Acronyms and Symbols
xix
Introduction
xxv
1 Absorption and Reflection of Infrared Radiation by
Ultrathin Films
1
1.1. Macroscopic Theory of Propagation of Electromagnetic
Waves in Infinite Medium / 2
1.2. Modeling Optical Properties of a Material / 10
1.3. Classical Dispersion Models of Absorption / 13
1.4. Propagation of IR Radiation through Planar Interface
between Two Isotropic Media / 24
1.4.1. Transparent Media / 26
1.4.2. General Case / 29
1.5. Reflection of Radiation at Planar Interface Covered by
Single Layer / 31
1.6. Transmission of Layer Located at Interface between Two
Isotropic Semi-infinite Media / 39
1.7. System of Plane – Parallel Layers: Matrix Method / 43
1.8. Energy Absorption in Layered Media / 49
1.8.1. External Reflection: Transparent Substrates / 50
1.8.2. External Reflection: Metallic Substrates / 52
1.8.3. ATR / 55
1.9. Effective Medium Theory / 60
1.10. Diffuse Reflection and Transmission / 65
Appendix / 68
References / 70
v
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vi
CONTENTS
2 Optimum Conditions for Recording Infrared Spectra of
Ultrathin Films
79
2.1. IR Transmission Spectra Obtained in Polarized
Radiation / 79
2.2. IRRAS Spectra of Layers on Metallic Surfaces
(“Metallic” IRRAS) / 84
2.3. IRRAS of Layers on Semiconductors and
Dielectrics / 87
2.3.1. Transparent and Weakly Absorbing Substrates
(“Transparent” IRRAS) / 87
2.3.2. Absorbing Substrates / 90
2.3.3. Buried Metal Layer Substrates
(BML-IRRAS) / 94
2.4. ATR Spectra / 100
2.5. IR Spectra of Layers Located at Interface / 102
2.5.1. Transmission / 102
2.5.2. Metallic IRRAS / 105
2.5.3. Transparent IRRAS / 110
2.5.4. ATR / 111
2.6. Choosing Appropriate IR Spectroscopic Method for
Layer on Flat Surface / 118
2.7. Coatings on Powders, Fibers, and Matte Surfaces / 120
2.7.1. Transmission / 120
2.7.2. Diffuse Transmittance and Diffuse
Reflectance / 122
2.7.3. ATR / 128
2.7.4. Comparison of IR Spectroscopic Methods for
Studying Ultrathin Films on Powders / 130
References / 133
3 Interpretation of IR Spectra of Ultrathin Films
140
3.1. Dependence of Transmission, ATR, and IRRAS Spectra of
Ultrathin Films on Polarization (Berreman Effect) / 141
3.2. Theory of Berreman Effect / 146
3.2.1. Surface Modes / 147
3.2.2. Modes in Ultrathin Films / 151
3.2.3. Identification of Berreman Effect in IR Spectra of
Ultrathin Films / 157
3.3. Optical Effect: Film Thickness, Angle of Incidence, and
Immersion / 159

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