Cisco Switching Black Book.pdf

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Table of Contents
Cisco Switching Black Book...............................................................................................................................1
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................4
Overview..................................................................................................................................................4
Is This Book for You?..............................................................................................................................4
How to Use This Book.............................................................................................................................4
The Black Book Philosophy....................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: Network Switching Fundamentals.................................................................................................6
In Depth...................................................................................................................................................6
Physical Media and Switching Types......................................................................................................6
A Bit of History.......................................................................................................................................7
Networking Architectures.................................................................................................................7
The Pieces of Technology........................................................................................................................9
Repeaters.........................................................................................................................................10
Hubs.................................................................................................................................................10
Bridges.............................................................................................................................................11
Routers.............................................................................................................................................13
Switches...........................................................................................................................................13
Network Design.....................................................................................................................................14
Collision Domains...........................................................................................................................15
Broadcast Domains..........................................................................................................................16
Why Upgrade to Switches?.............................................................................................................16
Switched Forwarding......................................................................................................................19
Switched Network Bottlenecks.......................................................................................................20
The Rule of the Network Road........................................................................................................22
Switched Ethernet Innovations..............................................................................................................23
Full−Duplex Ethernet......................................................................................................................23
Fast Etherne....................................................................................................................................23
Gigabit Ethernet..............................................................................................................................24
The Cisco IOS........................................................................................................................................24
Connecting to the Switch................................................................................................................25
Powering Up the Switch..................................................................................................................25
The Challenges.......................................................................................................................................27
Today’s Trend........................................................................................................................................27
Entering and Exiting Privileged EXEC Mode.......................................................................................28
Entering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode.................................................................................28
Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode.............................................................................28
Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode.......................................................................28
Saving Configuration Changes..............................................................................................................29
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration..........................................................................................................30
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................30
Command−Line Interfaces....................................................................................................................30
Campus Hierarchical Switching Model.................................................................................................31
Access Layer...................................................................................................................................32
Distribution Layer...........................................................................................................................32
Core Layer.......................................................................................................................................33
Remote Network Monitoring.................................................................................................................33
Connecting to the Console Port.............................................................................................................34
Console Cable Pinouts.....................................................................................................................35
Console Connectors.........................................................................................................................36
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Table of Contents
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration
The RJ−45−to−AUX Port Console Connector Pinouts...................................................................36
Switch IOSs...........................................................................................................................................38
The IOS Configuration Modes........................................................................................................38
Limiting Telnet Access..........................................................................................................................39
Implementing Privilege Levels..............................................................................................................39
Configuring an IOS−Based CLI Switch................................................................................................39
Setting the Login Passwords...........................................................................................................40
Setting Privilege Levels...................................................................................................................40
Assigning Allowable Commands....................................................................................................40
Setting the Console Port Time−out Value.......................................................................................40
Configuring the Telnet Time−out Value.........................................................................................41
Configuring the Hostname..............................................................................................................41
Configuring the Date and Time.......................................................................................................41
Configuring an IP Address and Netmask........................................................................................41
Configuring a Default Route and Gateway.....................................................................................41
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex...............................................................................................42
Enabling SNMP Contact.................................................................................................................42
Configuring a Set/Clear−Based CLI Switch..........................................................................................42
Logging On to a Switch...................................................................................................................42
Setting the Login and Enable Passwords........................................................................................43
Changing the Console Promp.........................................................................................................43
Entering a Contact Name and Location Information......................................................................44
Configuring System and Time Information....................................................................................44
Configuring an IP Address and Netmask........................................................................................44
Configuring a Default Route and Gateway.....................................................................................45
Viewing the Default Routes............................................................................................................45
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex...............................................................................................45
Enabling SNMP...............................................................................................................................46
Configuring Trap Message Targets.................................................................................................46
Configuring a Menu−Driven IOS..........................................................................................................47
Configuring the Console Por..........................................................................................................48
Configuring Telnet..........................................................................................................................48
Configuring the Password...............................................................................................................48
Configuring an IP Address and Default Gateway...........................................................................48
Configuring SNMP..........................................................................................................................49
Configuring ROM..................................................................................................................................50
Entering ROM Configuration Mode...............................................................................................50
Booting ROM Mode from a Flash Device......................................................................................50
Configuring SNMP..........................................................................................................................51
Configuring RMON........................................................................................................................51
Configuring RMON on a Set/Clear−Based Interface.....................................................................51
Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key Sequences..........................................................................52
Using IOS−Based Command Editing Keys and Functions...................................................................52
Chapter 3: WAN Switching.............................................................................................................................54
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................54
WAN Transmission Media....................................................................................................................55
Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)..............................................................................................56
Cisco WAN Switches............................................................................................................................57
MGX 8200 Series............................................................................................................................57
IGX 8400 Series..............................................................................................................................58
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Table of Contents
Chapter 3: WAN Switching
BPX 8600 Series Wide−Area Switches..........................................................................................58
MGX 8800 Series Wide−Area Edge Switches...............................................................................59
WAN Switch Hardware Overview........................................................................................................59
Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies..............................................................................................60
Network Managemen............................................................................................................................61
The CLI...........................................................................................................................................61
WAN Manager................................................................................................................................61
Accessing and Setting Up IGX and BPX Switches...............................................................................62
Adding New Users..........................................................................................................................62
Displaying a User’s Password.........................................................................................................62
Changing a User’s Password...........................................................................................................62
Using the History Command...........................................................................................................63
Displaying a Summary of All Card Modules..................................................................................63
Displaying Detailed Information for a Card Module......................................................................63
Displaying the Power and Temperature of a Switch.......................................................................63
Displaying the ASM Statistics for BPX..........................................................................................63
Configuring the ASM Setting for BPX...........................................................................................63
Logging Out....................................................................................................................................63
Resetting the Switch........................................................................................................................63
Displaying Other Switches..............................................................................................................64
Setting the Switch Name.................................................................................................................64
Setting the Time Zone.....................................................................................................................64
Configuring the Time and Date.......................................................................................................64
Configuring the Control and Auxiliary Ports..................................................................................64
Modifying the Functions of the Control and Auxiliary Ports.........................................................64
Configuring the Printing Function..................................................................................................64
Configuring the LAN Interface.......................................................................................................64
Accessing the MGX 8850 and 8220......................................................................................................65
Adding New Users..........................................................................................................................65
Changing Passwords........................................................................................................................65
Assigning a Switch Hostname.........................................................................................................65
Displaying a Summary of All Modules...........................................................................................66
Displaying Detailed Information for the Current Card...................................................................66
Changing the Time and Date...........................................................................................................66
Displaying the Configuration of the Maintenance and Control Ports.............................................66
Displaying the IP Address...............................................................................................................66
Configuring the IP Interface............................................................................................................67
Displaying the Alarm Level of the Switch......................................................................................67
Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures............................................................................................................68
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................68
The Catalyst Crescendo Architecture....................................................................................................68
BUS.................................................................................................................................................68
ASICs..............................................................................................................................................69
The Crescendo Processors...............................................................................................................71
Crescendo Logic Units....................................................................................................................71
Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, ASICs, and Logic Units..........................................................72
CAM................................................................................................................................................72
AXIS Bus........................................................................................................................................72
CEF ASIC........................................................................................................................................73
Phoenix ASIC..................................................................................................................................75
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Table of Contents
Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures
LCP..................................................................................................................................................75
SAGE ASIC....................................................................................................................................75
QTP ASIC.......................................................................................................................................75
QMAC.............................................................................................................................................76
Bridging Types......................................................................................................................................76
Source Route Bridging....................................................................................................................76
Source Route Transparent Bridging................................................................................................77
Source Route Translational Bridging..............................................................................................77
Transparent Bridging.......................................................................................................................77
Source Route Switching..................................................................................................................77
Switching Paths......................................................................................................................................78
Process Switching............................................................................................................................78
Fast Switching.................................................................................................................................78
Autonomous Switching...................................................................................................................79
Silicon Switching............................................................................................................................79
Optimum Switching........................................................................................................................79
Distributed Switching......................................................................................................................79
NetFlow Switching..........................................................................................................................79
System Message Logging......................................................................................................................80
Loading an Image on the Supervisor Engine III....................................................................................80
Booting the Supervisor Engine III from Flash.......................................................................................81
Setting the Boot Configuration Register................................................................................................81
Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding.................................................................................................81
Enabling CEF..................................................................................................................................81
Disabling CEF.................................................................................................................................81
Enabling dCEF................................................................................................................................82
Disabling dCEF...............................................................................................................................82
Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface.......................................................................................82
Configuring CEF Load Balancing...................................................................................................82
Disabling CEF Load Balancing.......................................................................................................82
Enabling Network Accounting for CEF..........................................................................................82
Setting Network Accounting for CEF to Collect Packet Numbers.................................................82
Viewing Network Accounting for CEF Statistics...........................................................................82
Viewing CEF Packet−Dropped Statistics.......................................................................................83
Viewing Non−CEF Path Packets....................................................................................................83
Disabling Per−Destination Load Sharing..............................................................................................83
Viewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR...................................................................................83
Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR...................................................................................83
Enabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS..........................................83
Enabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.............................................84
Disabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.........................................84
Disabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................................84
Setting the System Message Severity Levels on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................84
Enabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch......................................84
Disabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.....................................85
Configuring the Logging Buffer Size on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch...................................85
Clearing the Server Logging Table........................................................................................................85
Disabling Server Logging......................................................................................................................85
Displaying the Logging Configuration..................................................................................................86
Displaying System Logging Messages..................................................................................................86
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