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Stowarzyszenie Naukowe im. Stanis³awa Staszica

Wydzia³ Geologii, Geoizyki i Ochrony Œrodowiska

Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej

1 ( 12 ) • 2008

nr 1 (12) • 2008 r.

Spis treści • Contents

Νickolas C. Zouros

European Geoparks Network : transnational collaboration

on Earth heritage protection, geotourism and local development ................................... 3

Europejska Sieć Geoparków (European Geoparks Network, EGN)

– ponadnarodowa współpraca w zakresie ochrony dziedzictwa Ziemi,

geoturystyki i rozwoju lokalnych społeczności)

Gabriella Rago

Geoparks and international co-operation ......................................................................... 23

Geoparki i współpraca międzynarodowa

Marek W. Lorenc, Ainsley Cocks

Inscribing a landscape: the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site .................................. 27

Wpisywanie krajobrazu: Stanowisko Światowego Dziedzictwa Górniczego Kornwalii

Janusz Skoczylas

Adaptacja dawnego kamieniołomu wapienia

na Malcie dla potrzeb turystyki ......................................................................................... 41

Adaptation of the old limestone quarry in Malta for tourism

Anna Waśkowska, Jan Golonka, Sławomir Bębenek

Jezioro Szkoderskie – osobliwość półwyspu bałkańskiego .............................................. 49

(Geoturism)

jest czasopismem naukowym Stowarzyszenia Naukowego im. Stanisława Staszica, wydawanym wspólnie z Wydziałem

Geologii, Geoizyki i Ochrony Środowiska Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, ukazującym się jako kwartalnik w kolejnych

zeszytach.

adres e-mailowy : redakcja@geoturystyka.pl

Redaguje zespół w składzie:

Tadeusz Słomka (redaktor naczelny), Marek Doktor (sekretarz), Mariusz Szelerewicz (redaktor techniczny),

Jan Golonka, Andrzej Joniec, Alicja Kicińska, Wojciech Mayer, Paweł Różycki, Elżbieta Słomka

Rada Redakcyjna :

Tadeusz Burzyński, Janusz Dąbrowski, Henryk Jacek Jezierski, Anna Nowakowska,

Krystian Probierz, Pavol Rybar, Tadeusz Słomka, Antoni Tajduś, Janusz Zdebski

Adres Redakcji:

Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza,

Wydział Geologii, Geoizyki i Ochrony Środowiska,

Katedra Geologii Ogólnej, Ochrony Środowiska i Geoturystyki;

al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków

Na ten adres należy wysyłać rękopisy, korekty i wszelką korespondencję dotyczącą redagowania pisma.

Skład i łamanie: Firma Rysunkowa Szelerewicz,

Druk: Drukarnia Leyko

Wydano ze środków Stowarzyszenia Naukowego im. Stanisława Staszica

z pomocą inansową Rektora Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej i Wydziału Geologii, Geoizyki i Ochrony Środowiska

PL ISSN 1731-0830

Nakład 1000 egz.

www.geoturystyka.pl

Geoturystyka 1 (12) 2008: 3-22

European Geoparks Network : transnational collaboration

on Earth heritage protection, geotourism and local development

Europejska Sieć Geoparków (European Geoparks Network, EGN)

– ponadnarodowa współpraca w zakresie ochrony dziedzictwa Ziemi,

geoturystyki i rozwoju lokalnych społeczności

Νickolas C. Zouros

Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR – 81100, Greece nzour@aegean.gr

Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petriied Forest, Lesvos, GR – 81112, Greece

Abstract: Recently, a new initiative aiming at the protection,

promotion and rational management of geosites and the

sustainable development of their broader hosting territories was

established in Europe by the creation of Geoparks, in close synergy

with the UNESCO.

The European Geoparks Network (EGN) founded in 2000 is a

European forum of cooperation between geoparks supported by

the EU initiatives and focused on promotion of both the European

Earth heritage conservation and the sustainable local development

through geotourism.

The European Geoparks are involved in common actions and in

development of strategies aiming to promote alternative tourism

by evolving new development policies, new products and new

methods, experimenting on these issues and working on preserving

of geological heritage.

Due to geoparks operation in several European countries

geotourism has been growing rapidly during the last decade.

Geoparks contribute signiicantly to the local economy by creating

new jobs and establishing close collaborations with local tourist

enterprises, artisans and women’s cooperatives producing local

food and drinks.

Key words: Geopark, Earth heritage, geoconservation,

educational activities, geotourism.

Introduction

Since 1872 when the irst national park has been established

by the creation of the Yellowstone National Park in the USA,

in one of the most attractive and emblematic geological lo-

calities in the world, a number of geosites of outstanding

scientiic and aesthetic value have been protected in several

countries by national legislations for their unique character-

istics . Examples include Mount Vesuvius in Italy, Meteora

in Greece, the Fiords in Norway, the Verdon gorge in France,

the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland, the Dorset coast

in England, the Niagara Falls in Canada, the Devil’s tower,

the Dinosaur National Monument, the Petriied Forest and

the Grand Canyon in the USA.

The 1972 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the

World Cultural and Natural Heritage provided the appropri-

ate framework for the protection of exceptional and unique

geological localities, although the lack of a broader sensitiv-

ity on Earth heritage led to a misrepresentation of geo-sites

included into the World Heritage List.

Even if important geosites deserved legal protection by

national legislations in several countries, abiotic nature in

general as well as speciic geosites, failed to gain attention

autonomously as elements of value for conservation and

management within nature conservation strategies

The 1991 Digne Conference and the “International declara-

tion of the rights of the memory of the Earth” was the starting

point for the development of new international initiatives and

projects aiming at protection geological heritage.

However, during the last decade a new initiative has been

established which aims at the protection, promotion and ra-

tional management of geosites, and the sustainable develop-

ment of their broader hosting territories through the creation

of Geoparks.

The European Geoparks Network has been established in

2000. Other Geopark initiatives were also established in

China (Zhao Xun et al. 2004) and Switzerland (Reynard et

al . 2004). In 2004 the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) was

established by theUNESCO.

Treść: Najnowsza europejska inicjatywa tworzenia Geoparków,

podjęta w ścisłej współpracy z UNESCO, ma na celu promocję,

ochronę i racjonalne zarządzanie europejskim dziedzictwem

geologicznym oraz zrównoważony rozwój obszarów przylegających

do obiektów przyrody nieożywionej przy pomocy geoturystyki.

Geoparki europejskie uczestniczą w wielu wspólnych akcjach i

rozwijają strategie działań promujących turystykę alternatywną.

Działania te to nowa polityka rozwoju obszarów wiejskich,

nowe produkty turystyczne, nowe metody zarządzania, a także

eksperymentalne akcje w różnych dziedzinach i praca nad

zachowaniem dziedzictwa geologicznego Ziemi.

Dzięki działalności geoparków w ostatnich 10 latach obserwujemy

szybki rozwój geoturystyki w wielu krajach europejskich. Geoparki

przyczyniły się znacząco do rozwoju ekonomicznego lokalnych

społeczności poprzez tworzenie nowych miejsc pracy i ścisłą

współpracę z miejscowymi przedsiębiorstwami turystycznymi,

rzemieślnikami i spółdzielniami produkującymi lokalne potrawy

i napoje.

Słowa kluczowe: geoparki, dziedzictwo Ziemi, ochrona obiektów

geologicznych, działalność dydaktyczna, geoturystyka

European Geoparks Network

The European Geoparks initiative

A massive amount of work carried out during the following

years led to the deinition of the “European Geopark” concept

and the establishment of the European Geoparks Network

(EGN) in June, 2000. For the irst time this new concept

linked the scientiic efforts in protection and conservation of

geosites with the development priorities and the needs of the

local communities living in the protected territory. The idea

behind this initiative is that true sustainable territorial deve-

lopment can be achieved through the protection and promotion

of Earth heritage, which can be valorized for scientiic, edu-

cational and touristic activities. Furthermore, the sustainable

development of a territory was considered as a presupposition

for the success of a conservation strategy. The main guideli-

nes used in this effort were in good agreement with those

created by the UNESCO’s Division of Earth Sciences for

creation of the UNESCO geoparks, an initiative that started

in 1997 but failed to become the UNESCO’s Geoparks Pro-

gram.

Discussions of the need of a new initiative on Earth heri-

tage protection and conservation by collaboration between

European territories have arose in 1996. The idea has emerged

during the 30 th International Geological Congress held in

Beijing, precisely at the Symposium on the protection of the

Geological Heritage. It was agreed that the scientiic commu-

nity alone has not has suficient power and recourses to

achieve the sustainable management of geological heritage

without strong involvement and participation of local com-

munities. Representatives of four European territories from

different European Countries — the Reserve Geologique de

Haute-Provence – France, the Petriied Forest of Lesvos – Gre-

ece, the Geopark Gerolstein / Vulkaneifel – Germany, and the

Maestrazgo Cultural Park - Spain — all representing a parti-

cular geological and geomorphological heritage have started a

transnational cooperation in the idea of sustainable local deve-

lopment based on geoconcervation and promotion of Earth

heritage, with the support of the E.U. initiative LEADER II.

The four partners are rural areas with important geosites,

natural beauty and high cultural potential but poorly protec-

ted and evaluated. They also have similar socio-economic

characteristics and all of them face problems of slow econo-

mic development, unemployment and a high level of emigra-

tion. Facing similar problems the managing authorities of the

geological reserves, natural parks and museums in these four

areas decided to strengthen their collaboration in order to

achieve better results. This collaboration included studies,

meetings, ield visits and sharing of information, expertise,

methodologies, and certain operation tools in the ields of

geoconservation, landscape management, organization of

geotouristic and educational activities and Earth heritage

promotion. The analysis of characteristics, perspectives and

problems of each territory led to the deinition of a common

development strategy focused on geotourism.

The European Geoparks Network

The European Geoparks Network (EGN) has been estab-

lished through a convention signed on Lesvos Island, Greece

aiming in protection and enhancement of the European Earth

heritage and promotion of a sustainable local development

through geotourism (Zouros et al., 2003; Zouros, 2004). From

the very beginning the four founding members recognized

that such an initiative must be open to all European territories

sharing the same ideas, must be organized in democratic

structure and must have transparent guidelines and procedures

for all new partners.

The EGN declaration established the main characteristics

and criteria for the designation of a territory as a “European

Geopark”,

Main objectives of the EGN are : the multi- and bi-lateral

cooperation on the protection and conservation of Earth he-

Fig. 1. Location map of 32 members of the European Geoparks Network as of September, 2007.

1. Réserve Géologique de Haute - Provence – FRANCE, 2. Vulkaneifel European Geopark – GERMANY, 3. Petriied Forest of Lesvos

– GREECE, 4. Maestrazgo Cultural Park – Aragon – SPAIN, 5. Psiloritis Natural Park – GREECE, 6. TerraVita Naturpark – GERMANY,

7. Copper Coast Geopark – IRELAND, 8. Marble Arch Caves Geopark – Northern Ireland,UK 9. Madonie Geopark – Sicily - ITALY, 10.

Geopark Kamptal-Manhartsberg – AUSTRIA, 11. Naturpark Steirische Eisenwurzen – AUSTRIA, 12. Naturpark Bergstrasse Odenwald

– GERMANY, 13. North Pennines AONB – England UK, 14. Abberley and Malvern Hills Geopark – England UK, 15. Park Naturel Régional

du Luberon – FRANCE, 16. North West Highlands – Scotland UK, 17. Geopark Swabian Albs – GERMANY, 18. Harz Braunschweiger

Land Ostfalen Geopark – GERMANY, 19. Mecklenburg Ice Age Park – GERMANY, 20. Hateg Country Dinosaurs Geopark – ROMA-

NIA, 21 Beigua Geopark – ITALY, 22. Fforest Fawr Geopark – Wales UK, 23. Bohemian Paradise Geopark – CZECH REPUBLIC, 24.

Cabo de Gata – Nijar Natural Park – Andalucia – SPAIN, 25. Naturtejo Geopark – PORTUGAL, 26. Sierras Subbeticas Natural Park

– Andalucia – SPAIN, 27. Sobrarbe Geopark – Aragon – SPAIN, 28. Gea Norvegica Geopark – NORWAY, 29. Sardenia Geominerario

Park – ITALY, 30. Papuk Geopark – CROATIA, 31. Lochaber Geopark – Scotland UK, 32. English Riviera Geopark - England UK

Fig. 1 Mapa Europejskiej Sieci Geoparków (stan na wrzesień 2007): 1. Réserve Géologique de Haute-Provence – FRANCJA, 2. Vulka-

neifel European Geopark – NIEMCY, 3. Petriied Forest of Lesvos – GRECJA, 4. Maestrazgo Cultural Park – Aragonia, HISZPANIA, 5.

Psiloritis Natural Park – GRECJA, 6. TerraVita Naturpark – NIEMCY, 7. Copper Coast Geopark – IRLANDIA, 8. Marble Arch Caves

Geopark – IRLANDIA PÓŁNOCNA, 9. Madonie Geopark – Sycylia, WŁOCHY, 10. Geopark Kamptal-Manhartsberg – AUSTRIA, 11.

Naturpark Steirische Eisenwurzen – AUSTRIA, 12. Naturpark Bergstrasse Odenwald – NIEMCY, 13. North Pennines AONB – ANGLIA,

14. Abberley and Malvern Hills Geopark – ANGLIA, 15. Park Naturel Régional du Luberon – FRANCJA, 16. North West Highlands

– SZKOCJA, 17. Geopark Swabian Albs – NIEMCY, 18. Harz Braunschweiger Land Ostfalen Geopark – NIEMCY, 19. Mecklenburg Ice

Age Park – NIEMCY, 20. Hateg Country Dinosaurs Geopark – RUMUNIA, 21 Beigua Geopark – WŁOCHY, 22. Fforest Fawr Geopark

– WALIA, 23. Bohemian Paradise Geopark – CZECHY, 24. Cabo de Gata – Nijar Natural Park – Andaluzja, HISZPANIA, 25. Naturtejo

Geopark – PORTUGALIA, 26. Sierras Subbeticas Natural Park – Andaluzja, HISZPANIA, 27. Sobrarbe Geopark – Aragonia, HISZPA-

NIA, 28. Gea Norvegica Geopark – NORWEGIA, 29. Sardenia Geominerario Park – WŁOCHY, 30. Papuk Geopark – CHORWACJA, 31.

Lochaber Geopark – SZKOCJA, 32. English Riviera Geopark - ANGLIA

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