An Introduction to International Varieties of English.pdf

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An Introduction to
International Varieties
of English
Laurie Bauer
Edinburgh University Press
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An Introduction to
International Varieties
of English
Laurie Bauer
Edinburgh University Press
29331594.003.png
© Laurie Bauer, 2002
Edinburgh University Press Ltd
22 George Square, Edinburgh
Typeset in Janson
by Norman Tilley Graphics and
printed and bound in Great Britain
by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 7486 1337 4 (hardback)
ISBN 0 7486 1338 2 (paperback)
The right of Laurie Bauer
to be identified as author of this work
has been asserted in accordance with
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Disclaimer:
Some images in the original version of this book are not
available for inclusion in the eBook.
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Contents
Acknowledgements
v
Abbreviations and conventions used in the text
vi
To readers
vii
1 Background notions
1
1.1 Accent, dialect, language and variety
2
1.2 Home and colony
4
1.3 Colonial lag
5
1.4 Dialect mixing
6
Exercises
11
Recommendations for reading
12
2 English becomes a world language
13
2.1 The spread of English
13
2.2 Models of English
19
2.3 English in Scotland and Ireland
25
Exercises
28
Recommendations for reading
29
3 Vocabulary
32
3.1 Borrowing
33
3.2 Coining
40
3.3 The results
42
Exercises
44
Recommendations for reading
45
4 Grammar
46
4.1 Morphology
46
4.2 Syntax
48
4.3 Discussion
58
Exercises
59
Recommendations for reading
60
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iv
INTERNATIONAL VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
5 Spelling
61
5.1 Lexical distributional differences
62
5.2 Variation in the system
62
5.3 Conclusion
66
Exercises
67
Recommendations for reading
68
6 Pronunciation
69
6.1 Describing varieties of English
69
6.2 Input varieties
71
6.3 Influences from contact languages
73
6.4 Influences from other colonies
74
6.5 Influences from later immigrants
75
6.6 Influences from world English
75
6.7 Differences between varieties
76
Exercises
82
Recommendations for reading
83
7 The revenge of the colonised
84
7.1 Vocabulary
86
7.2 Grammar
86
7.3 Pronunciation
88
7.4 Conclusion
90
Exercises
91
Recommendations for reading
92
8 Becoming independent
93
8.1 British Englishes
95
8.2 North American Englishes
97
8.3 Southern hemisphere Englishes
98
8.4 Discussion
99
8.5 The break-up of English?
100
Exercises
102
Recommendations for reading
103
9 Standards in the colonies
104
9.1 Moving away from the standard in vocabulary
104
9.2 Moving away from the standard in grammar
105
9.3 Moving away from the standard in pronunciation
108
9.4 Discussion
110
Exercises
112
Recommendations for reading
112
Discussion of the exercises
113
References
127
Index
133
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