Getting started with Arduino 2 edition.pdf

Getting

Started

with

Arduino

Massimo Banzi

Second Edition

Getting Started with Arduino

by Massimo Banzi

Printed in the U.S.A.

Published by Make:Books, an imprint of Maker Media,

a division of O’Reilly Media, Inc.

1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472

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Print History:

October 2008: First Edition

September 2011: Second Edition

Executive Editor: Brian Jepson

Designer: Brian Scott

Indexer: Ellen Troutman Zaig

Illustrations: Elisa Canducci with Shawn Wallace

The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc.

The Make: Projects series designations and related trade dress

are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The trademarks of third

parties used in this work are the property of their respective

owners.

Important Message to Our Readers: Your safety is your own

responsibility, including proper use of equipment and safety gear,

and determining whether you have adequate skill and experi-

ence. Electricity and other resources used for these projects are

dangerous unless used properly and with adequate precautions,

including safety gear. Some illustrations do not depict safety

precautions or equipment, in order to show the project steps

more clearly. These projects are not intended for use by children.

Use of the instructions and suggestions in Getting Started with

Arduino is at your own risk. O’Reilly Media, Inc., and the author

disclaim all responsibility for any resulting damage, injury, or

expense. It is your responsibility to make sure that your activities

comply with applicable laws, including copyright.

ISBN: 978-1-449-309879

[LSI]

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

1 / Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Intended Audience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What Is Physical Computing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 / The Arduino Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Prototyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Tinkering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Circuit Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Keyboard Hacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

We Love Junk! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Hacking Toys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Collaboration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3 / The Arduino Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

The Arduino Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

The Software (IDE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Installing Arduino on Your Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Installing Drivers: Macintosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Installing Drivers: Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Port Identiication: Macintosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Port Identiication: Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

4 / Really Getting Started with Arduino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Anatomy of an Interactive Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Sensors and Actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Blinking an LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Pass Me the Parmesan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Arduino Is Not for Quitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Real Tinkerers Write Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

The Code, Step by Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

What We Will Be Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

What Is Electricity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using a Pushbutton to Control the LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

How Does This Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

One Circuit, A Thousand Behaviours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

5 / Advanced Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Trying Out Other On/Off Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Controlling Light with PWM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

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