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GETTING STARTED WITH STATA
FOR UNIX R
RELEASE 11
A Stata Press Publication
StataCorp LP
College Station, Texas
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Copyright c 1985–2009 by StataCorp LP
All rights reserved
Version 11
Published by Stata Press, 4905 Lakeway Drive, College Station, Texas 77845
Typeset in T E X
Printed in the United States of America
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ISBN-10: 1-59718-053-X
ISBN-13: 978-1-59718-053-5
This manual is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transcribed, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or
otherwise—without the prior written permission of StataCorp LP unless permitted by the license granted to you by
StataCorp LP to use the software and documentation. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any
intellectual property rights is granted by this document.
StataCorp provides this manual “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. StataCorp may make
improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and the program(s) described in this manual at any time and without
notice.
The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The software
may be copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the software onto
DVD, CD, disk, diskette, tape, or any other medium for any purpose other than backup or archival purposes.
The automobile dataset appearing on the accompanying media is Copyright c 1979 by Consumers Union of U.S.,
Inc., Yonkers, NY 10703-1057 and is reproduced by permission from CONSUMER REPORTS, April 1979.
Icons other than the Stata icon are licensed from the Iconfactory, Inc. They remain property of the Iconfactory, Inc.,
and may not be reproduced or redistributed.
Stata and Mata are registered trademarks and NetCourse is a trademark of StataCorp LP.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.
For copyright information about the software, type helpcopyright within Stata.
The suggested citation for this software is
StataCorp. 2009. Stata: Release 11 . Statistical Software. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
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Table of Contents
1
Introducing Stata—sample session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
The Stata user interface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
3
Using the Viewer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
4
Getting help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
5
Opening and saving Stata datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
6
Using the Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
7
Using the Variables Manager
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
8
Importing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
9
Labeling data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
10
Listing data and basic command syntax
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
11
Creating new variables
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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12
Deleting variables and observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
13
Using the Do-file Editor—automating Stata
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
14
Graphing data
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
15
Editing graphs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
16
Saving and printing results by using logs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
17
Setting font and window preferences
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
18
Learning more about Stata
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
117
19
Updating and extending Stata—Internet functionality
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121
A
Troubleshooting Stata
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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B
Managing memory
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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C
Advanced Stata usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
D
Stata manual pages for Unix
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
conren — Set the color, etc., of Stata(console)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
stata — Stata invocation command
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
Subject index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
147
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Cross-referencing the documentation
When reading this manual, you will find references to other Stata manuals. For example,
[ U ] 26 Overview of Stata estimation commands
[ R ] regress
[ D ] reshape
The first example is a reference to chapter 26, Overview of Stata estimation commands, in the User’s
Guide; the second is a reference to the regress entry in the Base Reference Manual; and the third
is a reference to the reshape entry in the Data-Management Reference Manual.
All the manuals in the Stata Documentation have a shorthand notation:
[ GSM ]
Getting Started with Stata for Mac
[ GSU ]
Getting Started with Stata for Unix
[ GSW ]
Getting Started with Stata for Windows
[ U ]
Stata User’s Guide
[ R ]
Stata Base Reference Manual
[ D ]
Stata Data-Management Reference Manual
[ G ]
Stata Graphics Reference Manual
[ XT ]
Stata Longitudinal-Data/Panel-Data Reference Manual
[ MI ]
Stata Multiple-Imputation Reference Manual
[ MV ]
Stata Multivariate Statistics Reference Manual
[ P ]
Stata Programming Reference Manual
[ SVY ]
Stata Survey Data Reference Manual
[ ST ]
Stata Survival Analysis and Epidemiological Tables Reference Manual
[ TS ]
Stata Time-Series Reference Manual
[ I ]
Stata Quick Reference and Index
[ M ]
Mata Reference Manual
Detailed information about each of these manuals may be found online at

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