1808FM.PDF

de Silva, Clarence W. “Frontmatter”

Vibration: Fundamentals and Practice

Clarence W. de Silva

Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000

VIBRATION

Fundamentals and Practice

Clarence W. de Silva

CRC Press

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

De Silva, Clarence W.

Vibration : fundamentals and practice / Clarence W. de Silva

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-1808-4 (alk. paper)

1. Vibration.

I. Title.

TA355.D384

1999

620.3—dc21

99-16238

CIP

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with

permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish

reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials

or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior

permission in writing from the publisher.

The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new

works, or for resale. Speciﬁc permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying.

Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are only used for

identiﬁcation and explanation, without intent to infringe.

Trademark Notice:

Cover art is the U.S. Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. (Courtesy of NASA Langley Research

Center, Hampton, VA. With permission.)

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1808-4

Library of Congress Card Number 99-16238

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

This book provides the background and techniques that will allow successful modeling, analysis,

monitoring, testing, design, modiﬁcation, and control of vibration in engineering systems. It is

suitable as both a course textbook for students and instructors, and a practical reference tool for

engineers and other professionals. As a textbook, it can be used in a single-semester course for

third-year (junior) and fourth-year (senior) undergraduate students, or for Master’s level graduate

students in any branch of engineering such as aeronautical and aerospace, civil, mechanical, and

manufacturing engineering. But, in view of the practical considerations, design issues, experimental

techniques, and instrumentation that are presented throughout the book, and in view of the simpliﬁed

and snapshot-style presentation of fundamentals and advanced theory, the book will also serve as

a valuable reference tool for engineers, technicians, and other professionals in industry and in

research laboratories.

The book is an outgrowth of the author’s experience in teaching undergraduate and graduate

courses in Dynamics, Mechanical Vibration, Dynamic System Modeling, Instrumentation and

Design, Feedback Control, Modern Control Engineering, and Modal Analysis and Testing in the

U.S. and Canada (Carnegie Mellon University and the University of British Columbia) for more

than 20 years. The industrial experience and training that he received in product testing and

qualiﬁcation, analysis, design, and vibration instrumentation at places like Westinghouse Electric

Corporation in Pittsburgh, IBM Corporation in Boca Raton, NASA’s Langley and Lewis Research

Centers, and Bruel and Kjaer in Denmark enabled the author to provide a realistic and practical

treatment of the subject.

Design for vibration and control of vibration are crucial in maintaining a high performance

level and production efﬁciency, and prolonging the useful life of machinery, structures, and indus-

trial processes. Before designing or controlling an engineering system for good vibratory perfor-

mance, it is important to understand, represent (i.e., model), and analyze the vibratory characteristics

of the system. Suppression or elimination of undesirable vibrations and generation of required

forms and levels of desired vibrations are general goals of vibration engineering. In recent years,

researchers and practitioners have devoted considerable effort to studying and controlling vibration

in a range of applications in various branches of engineering. With this book, designers, engineers,

and students can reap the beneﬁts of that study and experience, and learn the observation, instru-

mentation, modeling, analysis, design, modiﬁcation, and control techniques that produce mechan-

ical and aeronautical systems, civil engineering structures, and manufacturing processes that are

optimized against the effects of vibration.

The book provides the background and techniques that will allow successful modeling, analysis,

design, modiﬁcation, testing, and control of vibration in engineering systems. This knowledge will

be useful in the practice of vibration, regardless of the application area or the branch of engineering.

A uniform and coherent treatment of the subject is presented, by introducing practical applications

of vibration, through examples, in the very beginning of the book, along with experimental tech-

niques and instrumentation, and then integrating these applications, design, and control consider-

ations into fundamentals and analytical methods throughout the text. To maintain clarity and focus

and to maximize the usefulness of the book, an attempt has been made to describe and illustrate

industry-standard and state-of-the-art instrumentation, hardware, and computational techniques

related to the practice of vibration. As its main features, the book:

• Introduces practical applications, design, and experimental techniques in the very begin-

ning, and then uniformly integrates them throughout the book

• Provides 36 “Summary Boxes” that present key material covered in the book, in point

form, within each chapter, for easy reference and recollection (these items are particularly

suitable for use by instructors in their presentations)

• Outlines mathematics, dynamics, modeling, fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques, and

reliability analysis in appendices

• Provides over 60 worked examples and case studies, and over 300 problems

• Will be accompanied by an Instructor’s Manual, for instructors, that contains complete

solutions to all the end-of-chapter problems

• Describes sensors, transducers, ﬁlters, ampliﬁers, analyzers, and other instrumentation

that is useful in the practice of vibration

• Describes industry-standard computer techniques, hardware, and tools for analysis,

design, and control of vibratory systems, with examples

• Provides a comprehensive coverage of vibration testing and qualiﬁcation of products

• Offers analogies of mechanical and structural vibration, to other oscillatory behavior

such as in electrical and ﬂuid systems, and contrasts these with thermal systems.

A N

OTE

NSTRUCTORS

The book is suitable as the text for a standard undergraduate course in Mechanical Vibration or for

a specialized course for ﬁnal-year undergraduate students and Master’s level graduate students.

Three typical course syllabuses are outlined below.

A Standard Undergraduate Course

As the textbook for an undergraduate (3rd year or 4th year) course in Mechanical Vibration, it may

be incorporated into the following syllabus for a 12 week course consisting of 36 hours of lectures

and 12 hours of laboratory experiments:

Lectures

Chapter 1 (1 hour)

Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.8 (3 hours)

Chapter 2 (6 hours)

Chapter 3 (6 hours)

Section 11.4 (2 hours)

Chapter 5 (6 hours)

Chapter 6 (6 hours)

Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5 (6 hours)

Laboratory Experiments

The following four laboratory experiments, each of 3-hour duration, may be incorporated.

1. Experiment on modal testing (hammer test and other transient tests) and damping mea-

surement in the time domain (see Section 11.4)

2. Experiment on shaker testing and damping measurement in the frequency domain (see

Section 11.4)

3. Experiment on single-plane and two-plane balancing (see Section 12.3)

4. Experiment on modal testing of a distributed-parameter system (see Section 11.4)

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