Ilustrated History of USA.pdf

Bryn O'Callaghan

_____ www.longman.c

AN ILLUSTRATED

HISTORY OF THE

Longman

USA

' •••

Pe arson Ed ucat io n Limi ted ,

Ed inburgh Gall", Ha rlow,

Essex CM2Q 2JE. Eng land

and Associa ted Compa n ies th ro ug ho u t the w or ld .

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Dnip by: Sylvia T..,

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British Lib ra ry Ca ta log ing in Publica tion Data

O ' Calla ghan, D.B. (De n n is Brynley), 1931-

An illu strat ed hi story o f the U.S.A.

1. Un ited Sta tes, h is to ry

J. Title

973

Set in 10 /1 2 pi Bembo

Printed in Ch ina

EPC/17

I SB N 0 582 74921 2

Ackn o wledgements

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ma ' ....... I,

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Wa' ntr II,,,, In• .

The"quo'an on on 1" 10:~ 'Rl " by M . Shulim""n.

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CO NTE N TS

A N EW WO HL D

1 T hc, first A mericans

2 Ex plo rers fro m Europe

3 Vi rg inian beg in nings

4 Pur itan New Eng land

5 Coloniallife in A m er ica

6 T he roots o f revolution

7 Fig hting fO T independ ence

A N EW NATION

8 Form ing rhc, ne w nati o n

9 Years oj'growth

to Wl'st to rill' Pacifi c

t 1 North and So uth

12 Th l , er-n Wa r

t 3 Rcconsrructi on

.12

3(,

14 M ina s. railr o ad s and cat tle men

15 Farm ing lI1L' G reat Plains

16 T h e Amerindi an s' last sta nd

17 lu vcn ro rs and ind ust ries

18 T Ill' Colden Door

19 Refo r m er s an d p ro gressive s

20 All Am erican em pire

T W E N TI ET II C E N TU R Y A M EUI C A N S

21 A wa r and a P l' ;I Ct'

22 The Roa rin g Twenties

23 C rash and d epre ssion

24 Roosev elt 's New D eal

25 Th(,-' A rsenal of D em o cracy

26 Prosp erit y and p ro blems

27 Blar k A me ricans

9.2

1()()

104

lOS

11 2

S UP EU POW EU

28 Cold W:tr ;llld KOrl'J

II ()

29 A balan ce ofte rr o r

120

30 T hl' Vietn am yea rs

12~

3 1 Am erica's back ya rd

12H

33 T hl' Am er ican Ccuru ry

\.12

A d d itional infor m a t ion o n illustra ti o ns

I ~o

In d e x

141

32 An end to Cold W J r ?

\.1(,

A NEW WORLD

TH E FIR ST A M ER I CA NS

islan ds d ose to th e m ainland ofludia. For th is reaso n

he called the friend ly, brown-s k in ned people who

greeted him "los Ind io s" - Indians.

In f~([. Colu m bus was 11()( nc ar Ind ia. h w as not till'

ed ge o f Asia that he h ad reached. but islan d s offthe

sho res o f a new co n tinen t. European s would soon

name th e new cont ine nt Am eri ca. b u t for lTlan y years

th ey wc n r on calling its inh abitants Indi an s. Only

recently h ave th ese fir st Am erican s been described

m o re cccu rarcly as "native Ameri cans" o r

A mcrindians.

There were mallYdiffc rrn r g ro u ps o f Amerindian s.

T ho se no rth of M exico , ill w hat is no w the U n ited

States and Canada. w ere scatte red across the

g rasslan ds and fo rests in sep arate g ro ups called

"mbcs. " These rribcs followed very d iffe rent wa ys

oflife. SOI11l' we re hun ters. so me we re farm ers.

So me wert' peaceful. o thers wa rlike, They spo ke

o ver three hundred separate lan guages. so me o f

w hich we re as diff erent fro m o ne ano ther as En gli... h

is from Chinese.

CI ,ri.<f/'I'Iu, C(,I",,,~,,s . . 1 " ",1,''''1''''.1,)' p,'rl r" i, "I' S,·h,I." ;'''''' J..I

"i,'",,,"'.

Euro peans called America " the N ew Wo rld ." Bm it

wa s no r new to the Amer ind ians, T heir anc estors had

alread y been living the re fo r maybe 50,000 Y'ars

when C (11UlllbIlS ste pped on to the beac h in San

Salvad o r,

We say "ma ybe" because no bod y is com ple te ly sure.

Scicur isr... belie ve th at till' d istant an cesto rs ofthe

Anll'rindialls G UIll' to Am eri ca from Asia. T his

hap pen ed. thcv say , d urmg rhc earth's [a... t in ' ag e.

lo n g before peo ple be gan to make written record... .

At davbn-a k o n th e mo rnin g o f Friday. Au gu st J

14lJ2, ;1Il ltulinn adven tur er named Christo pher

Col u mbus set sail from Spai n to find a new way fror u

Europe to Asia. His aim was to o pen lip J sho rter

{talk ro ut e between th e two continents. in Asia. he

int ended to load his th ree small ships with silks.

sp ices and gold. and sail back to Europe J rich 111:111.

At that rime a br idg e oficc joined Asi a to Am eri ca

aero...... what is now the Berin g Strait. Hun ter ... fro rn

Siberia cro ssed this b ridge into Alask a. From Alaska

th e hunters mo ved so uth and cast a CTOSS America,

follo wing herd s ofcaribo u and buffa lo as the an ima ls

we nt from o ne feeding g ro un d to the Ill'X L Maybe

12.( M)() ye ars ag o. descend ant s o f these first

Amer icans w ere cro ssing the i... rhm n... o f l' uunm a int o

Columbu s first sailed so u th to the C anary Island s.

Then he turned w est acr oss th e unknown waters of

the m id - Atlan tic O cean. Ten wee ks after leav ing

Spain . 0 11 the morn ing ofO ctober 12. he step ped

ashore 011 the beach ofa lo w sandy islan d. I It- named

the island Sail Salvad o r - i lo ly Savio r . COhll11 b us

bel ieved that he had lauded in th e Ind ies, a ~rollP of

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