Linux Socket Programming By Example.pdf

Introduction

About the Author

Part 1—Basic Socket Concepts

Chapter 1—Introducing Sockets

A Brief Historical Introduction

Understanding Sockets

Defining a Socket

Using Sockets

Referencing Sockets

Comparing Sockets to Pipes

Creating Sockets

Using socketpair(2) in an Example

Running the Demonstration Program

Performing I/O on Sockets

Closing Sockets

The shutdown(2) Function

Shutting Down Writing to a Socket

Dealing with Duplicated Sockets

Shutting Down Reading from a Socket

Knowing When Not to Use shutdown(2)

Writing a Client/Server Example

Chapter 2—Domains and Address Families

Nameless Sockets

Anonymous Calls

Generating Addresses

Understanding Domains

Forming Socket Addresses

Examining the Generic Socket Address

Forming Local Addresses

Forming Traditional Local Addresses

Forming Abstract Local Addresses

Forming Internet (IPv4) Socket Addresses

Understanding Network Byte Order

Performing Endian Conversions

Initializing a Wild Internet Address

Initializing a Specific Internet Address

Specifying an X.25 Address

Specifying Other Address Families

The AF_UNSPEC Address Family

What’s Next

Chapter 3—Address Conversion Functions

Internet IP Numbers

Internet Address Classes

Understanding Netmask Values

Allocating IP Addresses

Private IP Numbers

Reserved IP Numbers

Manipulating IP Numbers

Using the inet_addr(3) Function

The inet_aton(3) Function

Using the inet_ntoa(3) Function

Using inet_network(3)

Using the inet_lnaof(3) Function

Using the inet_netof(3) Function

Using the inet_makeaddr(3) Function

What’s Next

Chapter 4—Socket Types and Protocols

Specifying the Domain of a Socket

Choosing PF_INET or AF_INET

Using the PF_LOCAL and AF_LOCAL Macros

Using the socket(2) Function

Choosing a Socket Type

Understanding the SOCK_STREAM Socket Type

Understanding the SOCK_DGRAM Socket Type

Understanding the SOCK_SEQPACKET Socket Type

Choosing a Protocol

Using PF_LOCAL and SOCK_STREAM

Using PF_LOCAL and SOCK_DGRAM

Using PF_INET and SOCK_STREAM

Using PF_INET and SOCK_DGRAM

Socket Domain and Type Summary

Other Linux-Supported Protocols

Researching Other Protocols

Chapter 5—Binding Addresses to a Socket

The Purpose of the bind(2) Function

Using the bind(2) Function

Obtaining the Socket Address

Writing a sock_addr() Function

Obtaining a Peer Socket Address

Interfaces and Addressing

Specifying an Interface Address Example

Binding a Specific Interface Address

Binding for Any Interface

Chapter 6—Connectionless-Oriented Protocols

The Methods of Communication

Understanding the Advantages

Understanding the Disadvantages of Connectionless Communications

Performing Input/Output of Datagrams

Introducing the sendto(2) Function

Introducing the recvfrom(2) Function

Writing a UDP Datagram Server

Writing a UDP Datagram Client

Testing the Datagram Client and Server

Testing with No Server

Testing with Other IP Numbers

Leaving Out bind(2) in Client Programs

Replying to a Wild Address

Chapter 7—Connection-Oriented Protocols for Clients

Reviewing the Methods of Communication

TCP/IP Handles Lost Packets

TCP/IP Handles Duplicated Packets

TCP/IP Handles Sequencing

TCP/IP Handles Flow Control

Understanding the Advantages of TCP/IP

Internet Services

Examining the /etc/services File

Using Function getservent(3)

Using the setservent(3) Function

Using the endservent(3) Function

Looking Up a Service by Name and Protocol

Looking Up a Service by Port and Protocol

Consulting the /etc/protocols File

Using the setprotoent(3) Function

Using the endprotoent(3) Function

Looking Up a Protocol by Name

Looking Up a Protocol by Number

Writing a TCP/IP Client Program

Introducing the connect(2) Function

Preparing to Write the Client Program

The daytime Client Program

Using connect(2) on SOCK_DGRAM Sockets

Chapter 8—Connection-Oriented Protocols for Servers

Understanding the Role of the Server

The listen(2) Function

Understanding the Connect Queue

Specifying a Value for backlog

The accept(2) Function Call

Understanding the Role of accept(2)

Writing a TCP/IP Server

Running a Wild Server

Modifying the Client Program

Chapter 9—Hostname and Network Name Lookups

Understanding the Need for Names

Using the uname(2) Function

Obtaining Hostnames and Domain Names

Using Function gethostname(2)

Using the getdomainname(2) Function

Testing gethostname(2) and getdomainname(2)

Resolving Remote Addresses

Error Reporting

Reporting an h_errno Error

Using the gethostbyname(3) Function

Applying the gethostbyname(3) Function

The gethostbyaddr(3) Function

Using the sethostent(3) Function

Using the endhostent(3) Function

Part 2—Advanced Socket Programming

Chapter 10—Using Standard I/O on Sockets

Understanding the Need for Standard I/O

Associating a Socket with a Stream

Using fdopen(3) to Associate a Socket with a Stream

Closing a Socket Stream

Using Separate Read and Write Streams

Duplicating a Socket

Closing the Dual Streams

Winding Up Communications

Shutting Down the Write Side Only

Shutting Down the Read Side Only

Shutting Down Both Read and Write Sides

Handling Interrupts

Handling EINTR for Other Functions

Defining Buffer Operation

Applying FILE Streams to Sockets

Presenting the mkaddr() Function

The RPN Calculator Engine Code

Trying Out the RPN Server

Chapter 11—Concurrent Client Servers

Understanding the Multiple-Client Problem

Overview of Server Functions

Using fork(2) to Service Multiple Clients

Understanding the Overall Server Process

Understanding the Child Server Process Flow

Understanding Process Termination Processing

Designing Servers That Use select(2)

Introducing the select(2) Function

Manipulating File Descriptor Sets

Applying select(2) to a Server

Testing the select(2)-Based Server

Limitations of the Example

Chapter 12—Socket Options

Getting Socket Options

Applying getsockopt(2)

Setting Socket Options

Applying the setsockopt(2) Function

Retrieving the Socket Type (SO_TYPE)

Setting the SO_REUSEADDR Option

Setting the SO_LINGER Option

Setting the SO_KEEPALIVE Option

Setting the SO_BROADCAST Option

Setting the SO_OOBINLINE Option

Options SO_PASSCRED and SO_PEERCRED

Chapter 13—Broadcasting with UDP

Understanding Broadcast Addresses

Broadcasting on 255.255.255.255

Enhancing the mkaddr.c Subroutine

Broadcasting from a Server

Receiving Broadcasts

Demonstrating the Broadcasts

Broadcasting to a Network

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: