getting started with java 1997.pdf

Getting Started with Java ™

VERSION 5

Borland ®

JBuilder ™

Borland Software Corporation

100 Enterprise Way, Scotts Valley, CA 95066-3249

www.borland.com

Refer to the file DEPLOY.TXT located in the redist directory of your JBuilder product for a complete list of files that

you can distribute in accordance with the JBuilder License Statement and Limited Warranty.

Borland Software Corporation may have patents and/or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this

document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents.

are trademarks or registered trademarks of Borland Software Corporation in the United States and other countries.

Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

For third-party conditions and disclaimers, see the Release Notes on your JBuilder product CD.

Printed in the U.S.A.

JBE0050WW21000gsjava 2E1R0401

0102030405-9 8 7 6 54321

PDF

Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction 1-1

Documentation conventions . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Contacting Borland developer support . . . . . 1-4

Online resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Borland newsgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Usenet newsgroups. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Reporting bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Chapter 2

Java language elements 2-1

Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Identifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Data type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Primitive data types . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Composite data types . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Literal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Applying concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Declaring variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Chapter 3

Java language structure 3-1

Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Code blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Understanding scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Applying concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Using operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Arithmetic operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Logical operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Assignment operators . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Comparison operators . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Bitwise operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

?:—The ternary operator . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Using methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Using arrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Using constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Member access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Chapter 4

Java language control 4-1

Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

String handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Type casting and conversion . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Return types and statements . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Flow control statements . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Applying concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Escape sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

String handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Determining access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Handling methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Using type conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Implicit casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Explicit conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Loop control statements. . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Conditional statements . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Handling exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Chapter 5

The Java class libraries 5-1

Java 2 Platform editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Standard Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Enterprise Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Micro Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Java 2 Standard Edition packages . . . . . . . . . 5-3

The Language package: java.lang . . . . . . . 5-4

The Utility package: java.util. . . . . . . . . . 5-4

The I/O package: java.io . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

The Text package: java.text . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

The Math package: java.math . . . . . . . . . 5-5

The AWT package: java.awt . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

The Swing package: javax.swing . . . . . . . 5-5

The Javax packages: javax . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

The Applet package: java.applet. . . . . . . . 5-6

The Beans package: java.beans. . . . . . . . . 5-7

The Reflection package: java.lang.reflect . . . 5-7

The SQL package: java.sql . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

The RMI package: java.rmi . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

The Networking package: java.net . . . . . . 5-8

The Security package: java.security . . . . . . 5-8

Chapter 6

Object-oriented programming

in Java 6-1

Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Declaring and instantiating classes . . . . . . 6-2

Data members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Class methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Constructors and finalizers . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Case study: A simple OOP example . . . . . 6-4

Class inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Calling the parent’s constructor . . . . . . 6-11

Access modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

Access from within class’s package . . . . 6-12

Access outside of a package . . . . . . . . 6-12

Accessor methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

Abstract classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Using interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Adding two new buttons . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

Running your application . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

Java packages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

The import statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

Declaring packages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

Chapter 9

An introduction to the Java Virtual

Machine 9-1

Java VM security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

The security model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

The Java verifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

The Security Manager and the

java.security Package . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

The class loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6

What about Just-In-Time compilers? . . . . . 9-6

Chapter 10

Working with the Java Native

Interface (JNI) 10-1

How JNI works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

Using the native keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

Using the javah tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

Chapter 11

Java language quick reference 11-1

Java 2 platform editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

Java class libraries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

Data and return types and terms . . . . . . 11-3

Packages, classes, members, and

interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

Access modifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4

Loops and loop controls . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4

Exception handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5

Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5

Converting and casting data types . . . . . . . 11-5

Primitive to primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6

Primitive to String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7

Primitive to reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8

String to primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-10

Reference to primitive . . . . . . . . . . . .11-12

Reference to reference. . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13

Escape sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-18

Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-18

Basic operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-18

Arithmetic operators . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-19

Logical operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-20

Assignment operators. . . . . . . . . . . . .11-20

Comparison operators . . . . . . . . . . . .11-21

Bitwise operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-21

Ternary operator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-22

Chapter 7

Threading techniques 7-1

The lifecycle of a thread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Customizing the run() method . . . . . . . . 7-2

Subclassing the Thread class . . . . . . . 7-2

Implementing the Runnable interface . . 7-3

Defining a thread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Starting a thread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Making a thread not runnable . . . . . . . . 7-6

Stopping a thread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Thread priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Time slicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Synchronizing threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Thread groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Chapter 8

Serialization 8-1

Why serialize? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Java serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Using the Serializable interface . . . . . . . . 8-2

Using output streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

ObjectOutputStream methods . . . . . . . . 8-5

Using input streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

ObjectInputStream methods . . . . . . . . . 8-8

Writing and reading object streams . . . . . . . 8-8

Index

I-1

Chapter1

Introduction

Java is an object-oriented programming language. Switching to

object-oriented programming (OOP) from other programming paradigms

can be difficult. Java focuses on creating objects (data structures or

behaviors) that can be assessed and manipulated by the program.

Like other programming languages, Java provides support for reading

and writing data to and from different input and output devices. Java uses

processes that increase the efficiency of input/output, facilitate

internationalization, and provide better support for non-UNIX platforms.

Java looks over your program as it runs and automatically deallocates

memory that is no longer required. This means you don’t have to keep

track of memory pointers or manually deallocate memory. This feature

means a program is less likely to crash and that memory can’t be

intentionally misused.

This book is intended to serve programmers who use other languages as a

general introduction to the Java programming language. It introduces the

reader to the major elements of Java programming and provides links and

suggested reading for further exploration. You may order most book titles

from Fatbrain (http://fatbrain.com/). Unlinked titles may be out of print,

but are still useful and generally available. For more extensive lists of

resources, see “Learning more about Java” in the Quick Start .

This book includes the following chapters:

• Java syntax: Chapter 2, “Java language elements”, Chapter 3, “Java

language structure”, and Chapter 4, “Java language control.”

These three chapters define basic Java syntax and introduce you to basic

object-oriented programming concepts. They also suggest other resources.

These suggestions are simply starting points. Anyone learning Java from

books may need three or four books to learn from, since different books

have different emphases, and none covers the language completely.

Introduction 1-1

Chapter

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: