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PSY
C
H
E
D
E
LIREVI
E
W
On
Programming
Psychedelic Experiences
_ I
%, ',
\ J
,
Ralph Metzner & Ti
m
othy Leary
Th
e
d
e
v
e
lopm
ento
f sci
e
ntificund
e
rstanding
o
f
co
n
s
ci
o
usn
e
sd
e
p
e
nds
o
n p
rogr
a
mm
e
d int
er
nal
ex
pl
or
a
t
i
o
ns
.
P
ro
gra
mm
ing
s
t
r
at
e
gi
e
s
ar
e ex
plain
e
d with
ex
ampl
es
fro
m
Tan
t
ri
c
psych
o
l
o
gyand th
e
p
e
y
o
t
e ce
r
emo
ny
.
A psychedelic ex
pe
rience is a
pe
riod of intensely dition
s
of the ex
pe
rience -- the physical
a
nd
heightened reactivity to
se
nsory sti
m
uli fro
m
e
m
otional cli
ma
te of the roo
m
, the relations of
within and witho
u
t. A
"
p
rogr
a
m
m
ed
"
psyche- the v
o
yager to others present,
a
nd parti
cu
l
a
rly
delic experience i
s
one in which the sequence the
a
ttitu
d
e of the dr
u
g-giving
pa
rson. It i
s
by
and
pa
tterning of stimuli
a
re not left to
c
h
a
nce now
a
well-known f
ac
t th
a
t psychedelic drugs
but are
a
rranged in
a
predeter
m
ined
ma
nner,
m
a
y produce religio
u
s,
a
esthetic, therapeutic or
Using progam
m
ing we try to control the content other kinds of experien
c
es de
pe
nding on the set
of a psy
c
hedelic ex
p
erience in s
pe
cific desired
a
nd
se
tting. This hypothesis ac
c
ounts for the
di
r
ections. The progr
am
is a voy
a
ge chart, a gre
a
t variety of psychedelic ex
pe
rience
s
report
ed
se
rie
s
of signals, which, like the
p
ilot's r
a
dio, by investigators using different
m
odel
s
(psycho-
provi
d
es the b
a
sic orienting infor
ma
tion required
tomi
m
etic, ther
a
peutic, religious,
a
esthetic, etc.)
)
for the
"
trip
"
. The
p
rogr
am
need not be followed
a
nd correspondingly different settings.
ex
a
ctly, but it
co
n be of gre
a
t help in orienting
oneself in unf
a
miliar territo
ry
or finding one's One
m
ay object to the idea of program
m
ing a
w
a
y if lost in rough weather, psychedelic experience on the gro
u
nds that it
would tend to li
m
it or restrict the ex
pe
rien
c
e. To
The idea of pr
og
r
amm
ing a psychedelic experi- this the answer is th
a
t one can of cour
se
incl
u
de
ence i
s
ba
se
d
on
a
theory about the nature of a
s
m
uch
"
free
"
ti
m
e on the progra
m a
s desired.
the psychedelic effe
ct
. The hypothesis, which
F
or exa
m
ple,
a m
ini
m
u
m
progr
am m
ight consist
was first put f
o
rw
ar
d by Lea
ry
in the H
a
rvard of
a
half-hour of re-ent
ry
instructions, with the
Psilo
c
ybin Proje
c
t
I
a
nd has since been widely rest of the ti
m
e le
ft
open. Furthermore it should
accepted by scientists working in the field of be re
m
e
m
bered th
a
t the psychedelic ex
pe
rience,
psyche
d
elic rese
a
rch 2, is that the content of a
be
c
a
u
se
of the extre
m
e
s
ugge
s
tibility of the
psychedelic experien
ce
is chiefly determined by voy
a
ge
r
, is
"
pr
og
ra
m
med
"
anyway, by the
P
hoto
A
llenXh,ell
i
the two f
a
ctor
s
of set and settin
g
.
"
Set
"
refe
r
s sti
m
uli to which he is expo
se
d during the
ses
sion.
_
,
to the intern
a
l state of the person h
a
ving the In the
m
ajority of
se
ssions the sti
m
uli
a
re either
ex
pe
rience
--
his mood, expectations, fe
a
rs, arr
a
nged by the dr
u
g-giving
pe
rson or left to
wishes;
"se
tting
"
refers to the external con-
c
hance. We propose
a
third
a
ltern
a
tive: that the
5
PSYCHEDELIREVIEW
O
N
P
R
OG
RA
M
MIN
P
SYCH
E
DELIE
X
PERIENC
E
S
seq
u
ence of sti
m
uli i
s
worked out ahead of ti
m
e the point of view of
i
ntern
a
l prep
a
r
a
tion. The
s
heet of the sequence of
to
p
e-recorded
m
ess
a
ges
ced
a
r and s
p
rinkling it in th
e
fire during th
e
coll
a
bor
o
fively between drug-giv
e
r and dr
u
g- content of
co
n
s
cio
u
s
n
ess
a
t that time will do
m
i-
or
m
usic
a
l
se
lection
s
. The reas
o
n for su
c
h ap-
m
eeti
n
g. T
he
fourth man is Fire
C
hief,
a
nd
he
tak
e
r or by all th
e pa
rticip
a
nt
s
. S
u
ch czprocedur
e
nat
e
th
e s
ubse
q
uent exp
e
rien
ce
. O
u
r st
u
dies
patently naive procedu
r
e will be obvious to
a
ny-
t
a
kes c
a
re of the fire
a
t night
a
nd w
a
tch
es
will te
n
d to
m
ini
m
ize th
e oc
curen
ce
of paranoia
h
a
ve shown th
a
t if one feel
s
depr
es
sed,
a
nxious
one who has tried to
m
anipul
a
te eq
u
ip
m
ent
the
pe
ople
a
s
they co
m
e
a
nd go and t
a
kes
Induced by un
e
xpecte
d a
ctiviti
es
or
m
an
i
pu- or
i
rri
tab
le, th
ese
neg
a
tiv
e
e
m
otions will
be
felt
while in the midst of an inten
se
LSD ex
p
erience:
care of th
e
door.
"
l
o
tion
s
. T
he
progra
m a
lso provides
a
se
ri
es
of with gre
a
t
in
t
e
n
s
ity during th
e
se
ss
ion. If o
ne
it is si
m
pler to merely look up what to do next,
anchor
pa
ints for
m
emory, so th
a
t the d
e
tailed feel
s se
r
e
n
e
, trusting and detached fro
m
e
v
e
ry-
than to get invol
v
e
d
in de
c
lsion-
m
aking, which Audio-Visu
a
l Aid
s
(
m
antra and yantr
a
)
seq
ue
nce of t
he
ex
pe
ri
e
n
ce
(which oft
e
n goes d
a
y
co
ncern
s
, t
he
voyage will
m
ore likely
he
can le
a
d to inter
m
inable distracting deli
be
ration
s
.
The two predo
m
inant
s
our
ce
s
of
se
nsory stimu-
l
a
tion
a
re vision and he
a
ring,
a
nd it is t
he
r
e
for
e
beyond our usual
me
mory
me
ch
a
ni
sms
) c
a
n
be fr
ee and illu
m
inat
i
ng $.
I
n most psychedelic
sess
ions there i
s
one
pe
r
so
n not sur
p
rising th
a
t oriental p
s
ychological sch
oo
l
s
r
eco
n
s
truct
ed
.
"
During the Moz
a
rt piano
co
n
ce
rto The
im
portance of pr
epa
ring for a p
s
ychedelic
who acts
a
s guide. This should
be
the per
so
n of con
s
ciou
s
ne
ss
-ex
pa
n
s
ion h
a
ve d
e
velo
pe
d
I relived an event
fr
o
m
m
y childhood
"
,
with th
e
m
ost ex
pe
rience. He will assume re
s
pon-
exper
ie
nce,
i
n both bo
d
y
a
n
d m
in
d
,
co
n h
a
rdly
p
owerful and e
l
a
bo
rate techniques for co
n
trol-
In th
e
last analysi
s
th
e
pr
og
ra
m
m
ing of
sess
ion
s be
overesti
ma
ted. Phy
s
iologi
ca
ll
y, the
m
ost in-
s
ihili
ty
for the
se
nding of the various
m
essages, ling and channel
l
ing sen
sory
a
wareness in t
hese
i
s
entirely
a
fun
ct
ion of
e
xperi
e
nce
a
n
d training,
t
e
n
se pa
rt of the se
ss
ion is when the ch
e
mical
whether verb
a
l
,
m
usic
a
l or visu
a
l, which h
a
ve two s
p
heres.
J
u
st
as e
x
pe
r
ie
nced pilo
ts
flying over f
a
mili
a
r
first
be
gin
s
to t
a
ke
e
ffect. If th
e
voy
a
ger
is
not
been agreed upon. If there i
s
not one per
so
n Th
e
yantra i
s
a vis
u
al
m
ap of the p
a
th of con-
t
e
rritory
m
ay not need r
a
dio in
fo
r
ma
tion, so prepared far this
m
o
m
ent of
"
t
a
ke-o
ff"
,
mu
ch
with
m
ore
e
x
pe
rien
ce
th
a
n the others, it i
s s
ciou
so
e
ss
. Th
e
literal S
a
ns
krit
m
eaning i
s
so
m
eo
ne
who through repe
a
ted
e
xperi
e
nce
a
n
d
of t
he
initi
a
l thr
u
st will
be
di
ss
ip
a
ted in g
e
tting
prob
a
bly
b
etter to h
a
ve
a
"
gro
u
nd-control
"
, th
a
t
"
instru
m
e
n
t
"
or
"
engine
"
. W
e
h
a
ve
m
entioned
tr
a
ining ha
s
g
a
ine
d
so
m
e
control over the cle
a
r of the i
m
printed pr
og
r
a
m
s
hooking
u
s
to
i
s
on
e
per
so
n who does not take the
p
syche
d
elic the prep
a
r
a
tion of an outline of th
e
psychedelic
movemen
ts
of
co
nsciou
sness
m
a
y need le
s
s pro- externals (the Hindu
so
nskaras). Therefore the
and takes c
a
re of the mechanics of changing
progra
m
, which i
s
a primitive form of yant
r
a. At
gra
m
ming. T
he
p
s
yched
e
lic novi
ce
i
s
whirled
"
higher
"
one can get
be
fore the se
ss
ion
s
ta
rts
record
s
, k
ee
ping o
ff
distractions etc.
our present level of ignoran
ce
abo
u
t states of
consciou
s
nes
s i
t would proba
b
ly
be
pre
m
ature
confusedly through neurol
og
ical
e
nergy
s
y
s
tem
s
the better o
ne
i
s
able to d
ea
l with the
ne
w
The importance of
spe
cifying such roles clearly to devise more
co
mplex yan
tr
m, but in t
he
hit-or-miss interpre
ta
tion
s
, ple
a
sant or fearful,
withdrawal, listening to music,
med
itation (with
and explicitly i
s
recognized by the Indians o
f
the Hindu and Buddhist (e
spe
cially Mahayana)
s
y
s
-
on these new levels of perception. The experi- or witho
u
t marihuana), walking, bathing --
centuries of their u
se
of th
e pe
yote ca
ct
us have tam
s
they play an important role. There are
ant
ed
voyager, train
ed
to recogni
ze
non-
s
y
mbo
lic wha
te
ver method
s
are most e
ff
ective should
be
develo
pe
d a ritual which i
s
followed essentially maps representing
i
n great detail the various
foca
l p
oint
s
of
co
nsc
i
ou
sness
(cak
r
a$)
i
n t
he
pa
tt
e
rn
s
, i
s be
tter able to recognize and dire
ct
u
se
d to produce a state of
se
rene pr
epa
redne
ss
,
unchange
d
in all
pe
yote
ce
remonie
s
. The follow-
bo
d
y. Accor
d
ing to Mirce
a
Eliade,
"
t
he
yantra i
s
hi
s
aware
nes
s and
be
tte
r
able to deal with the If the se
ss
ion involves
m
ore th
a
n one
pe
r
so
n, t
he
lng quotation i
s
t
a
ken fro
m
a description of the an expression, in ter
m
s of line
a
r
s
y
m
bo
lis
m
,
o
f
flow of sti
m
uli, w
he
ther planned or acci
de
ntal,
pa
rtici
pa
nts
m
ight pl
a
n the voy
a
ge t
og
ether.
Navajo Peyote rit
ua
l given in testi
m
ony
be
fore t
he
cos
m
ic
ma
nifest
a
tions, beginning with t
he
P
ce
pa
r
alk)fi
They would
m
ake
se
lections of music to
be
t
he
Navaio Tribal
C
ouncil4:
primordi
a
l un
i
ty. ''
s
.
I
t i
s
an
ea
sily confirmable observ
a
tion that the listened to, they would record reading
s
on ta
pe
,
"
To run a Peyo
te
m
ee
ting they need four
most
s
u
cce
ssfu
l, i.e. li
be
rating and educational
they would establish simple ba
s
ic code
s
for
co
n-
people. The
f
irst one and the man in charge The Peyote Indians al
so
have their
f
orm o
f
p
s
yc
he
delic ex
pe
rien
ces
ara t
hose
preced
ed
by a tatting each other during the
sessi
on. These
of the whole thing they call the R
oo
d Chief. yan
tr
a. Before the meeting a cre
sc
ent-
s
haped
pe
ri
od
of withdrawal fram external games and shared a
ct
ivitie
s
will build rappo
rt
and
re
duce
The second man i
s
Drummer Chie
f
, who does altar (c
a
lled
"
m
oo
n
"
by the Indians) i
s
prepared
commitments. Th
e
ti
me
imm
ed
iately
be
fore t
he
tendencies towards i
so
lation and paranoia. It i
s
a lot of drumming. The third man
is
the Cedar of sand or clay.
"
A shallow gr
oo
ve, extending
ingestion of the drug i
s
pa
rt
ic
u
larly crucial
fr
om
sometime
s
help
f
ul to pre
pa
re a kind o
f
time-
chief, and he i
s
in charge of taking powdered
from tip to tip along it
s
crest,
re
pre
se
nt
s
the
6
7
he cannot decode. Hi
s
mind i
s
impo
s
ing primitive
powerful energies. Quiet r
ea
ding, relaxation,
Native American Church, who in the
se
veral
O
N
P
R
O
G
RA
M
MIN
P
SYCH
E
D
E
LIE
XP
ERI
E
NCES
"
p
eyote road
"
o
v
er which thoughts
an
d visions under
s
tood i
n
terms of the neuro
p
hy
s
iology of
travel to and fr
om
God. '4 the eye. Gerald Oster, in hi
s
recently publishe
d
study
o
f
t
he effect of LSD on perceived Moir&
A special for
m
of y
a
ntra, th
e
m
ost co
mm
only patterns 7, concluded th
a
t
u
s
ed, i
s
the
m
a
n
dala (
l
iterally
"
circle
"
). A
m
an-
"
a
ll vision ha
s
a
c
irc
u
l
a
r pattern
s
uperposed
dala i
s
a machine for exploring in
n
er
s
p
a
ce
;
it
s
on it
a
n
d LSD reve
a
ls t
he
presence of this
purposes
a
re c
a
rtogr
a
phic, linguisti
c
, not
a
e
s
-
screen vi
a
the
m
oir
&
effect
....
Histologic
a
l
thetic. It
s
usual for
m
i
s
a rectangle enclosing
a
studies of the h
uma
n fovea (the point of
fix
a
tion on the retin
a
) reve
a
l th
a
t it consists
m
a
ndala is a device for centering visual con-
entirely of cones . . . each of which i
s
con-
sciousness, thereby protecting it ag
a
inst distr
a
c-
ne
ct
ed by individu
a
l nerves which le
ad
to the
t
ions,
m
aking
i
t
"
one-pointed
"
. Th
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
optic nerve via the
"
blind
s
pot
"
of th
e
eyeb
a
ll.
to fixat
e
th
e ce
nt
e
r, keeping one's attention on
The nerve
s l
i
e
in front of the cones, i.
e
. tho
th
e
whole field,
a
nd then st
a
ge by st
a
ge to
light received i
s
intercepted by a layer of nerve
t
ral
po
int. If aw
a
reness re
ma
ins one-pointed
during this pro
c
ess of centering, all
m
ent
a
l
fibers. These nerv
e
fibers would be
e
xpected
to curv
e
out and
a
ro
u
nd the fove
a
to produ
ce
a screen consisting of cu
rved
lines which
co
n
energy i
s
finally f
o
cu
sed
on th
e
central spot,
be approxi
m
ated
a
s
a figure consisting of
concentri
c
circles
"
.
dimension. The various
s
y
m
bo
l
ic figures on th
e
m
and
a
la, with letters, colors etc., serv
e
a
s
a
d- In other words, th
e m
a
n
dal
a
i
s
a de
p
i
c
tion of
th
e
stru
c
t
ur
e of the
e
ye,
t
h
e
c
enter of the mmn-
ditional anchoring points of a
s
sociation
s
. The clala corr
es
ponding to th
e
fov
e
al
"
blind
spo
t
"
.
ide
a
i
s
to g
e
t
a
s
much of the
m
ent
a
l contents Since this
"
blind
s
po
t"
i
s
th
e
exit fro
m
th
e e
y
e
to
on to th
e
two-dimen
s
ion
a
l
s
urfa
ce
, so they c
a
n th
e
v
isu
a
l syste
m
of th
e
brain, by goin
g
"
out
"
then be tr
a
n
sce
nd
e
d thro
u
gh th
e ce
ntr
a
l point, thro
u
gh th
e
c
enter you
a
r
e
going in to th
e
brain.
"
By
m
entally entering th
e
m
andala, th
e
yogin The y
og
in finds th
e m
a
n
dala in his own body.
appro
a
che
s
hi
s
own
"
center
"
,
a
nd this spiritu
a
l Th
e
m
an
d
a
la i
s
an instru
m
ent for tr
a
nscending
exercise c
a
n be under
s
t
o
o
d
in two
se
n
ses
: (1) th
e
world of vi
s
ually-perceiv
e
d pheno
m
ena by
to reach th
e ce
nt
e
r
the y
ogi
n re-en
ac
ts
a
nd
ma
s-
first centering th
em
and then turning perception
ters the
cosm
ic pro
c
e
ss
, for the
m
and
a
la i
s
an inward. Th
e
u
se
of the
m
andala during a
image of th
e
world; (2) but since he is engaged psychedelic session depends of cour
se
entir
e
Jy
in
m
edit
a
tion
a
nd not in ritual,
t
he yogin, st
a
rt- th
e s
u
b
jec
t's
p
revious f
am
iliarity with it fro
m
lng from this i
co
nographic sup
p
ort, can find th
e
I*',,°nor
m
editation and
v
i
s
ual
i
zation. Buddhist
m
a
od
ala in hi
s
own body. ''
s
. ade
p
ts do not hesit
a
te to spend years
ma
stering
The
m
echanis
m
of th
e
m
andal
a
can also b
e
th
e
content of a single elaborate
m
andala.
9
MANDALA
photo:AJI
_
A.,.,I
circle or series of concentric
c
ircles. Ba
s
ically, th
e
bring attention
m
ore and
m
ore tow
a
rds the c
e
n-
a
nd one c
a
n then
pa
ss thro
u
gh that to th
e
next
F
_
CHE
D
EUCI
_
V
t
'W
O
N (
'
l
OG
_ug
t
.4
11
*
l
P
S
Y
CH
E
D
ELIE
X
I
'E
R
IE
NC
E
S
The
u
se of mant
r
a, or
so
u
n
d
vibra
t
i
on
s
,
p
l
a
y
s
m
inutes, h
e
regained hi
s
co
m
po
s
ure. There
a
fter,
we routinely us
e
are ineffective
a
s
true
yan
tra
s
lng the flow of experience both in one
se
lf
a
nd
an
a
n
a
logo
u
s
role in the
a
uditory
s
p
he
r
e
, and
he
toppled onc
e
or twice
a
g
a
in,
b
ut
ea
ch ti
m
e
or
m
antras because they tie u
s
to
e
xterna
ls
,
in
other
s
. For exa
m
ple we
m
ay
m
ention t
he
s
i
m
ilarly
d
e
p
en
d
s
on previou
s
a
cqu
a
i
nt
a
nc
e
. T
he w
a
s
able to pull hi
m
se
lf
bo
c
k to
ce
n
tr
a
l f
o
c
u
s
m
at
er
ia
l
s
, t
o
se
lf-
ce
n
te
red ar
t
i
f
ici
a
l
g
a
me
.
can
-
m
u
d
ra
i
n
d
i
ca
t
i
ng
"
f
ea
r
no
t
"
whi
c
h
is
mad
e by
u
se
o
f
m
a
n
tra is t
he
m
o
s
t
w
i
de
s
p
re
ad
p
s
yc
he
- u
s
in
g
the
m
an
h
'lc safety-
co
rd,
sc
iou
s
ne
u
. Effective spiritual or
p
s
ychedelic t
he
right hand f
a
cing
pa
l
m o
ut
w
ard
a
t th
e
le
v
el
d
elic
me
thod in
p
re
se
nt-d
a
y Hindui
s
m
and Bud-
y
ent
ras
and
man
tr
as
ar
e
tho
se
which rele
a
se
u
s o
f the brea
s
t. Si
m
il
a
rly, t
he
right h
a
nd turned
dhis
m
. Usu
a
lly t
he s
pir
i
tua
l to
a
L
am
w
f
L
gun
e
)g
i
ves T
he
P
e
yote In
d
ians also know t
he
use o
f
s
oun
d
from the loc
a
l ga
m
es, direct and guide our p
a
l
m
ou
tw
ar
d
, fingers pointing down,
s
ig
n
ifi
es
hi
s
discipl
e
a m
a
nt
h
ra to
w
ork with. This may be
to g
u
i
de
th
e
i
r
c
e
re
m
o
n
ies.
"
T
he
Rcm
d C
hief
s
ings
co
nsci
o
u
s
n
ess
to met
a
-cultur
a
l,
m
et
a
-self levels,
t
he granting of wishe
s
, co
m
pa
ss
i
on, benevo
le
n
ce
.
t
he
n
a
me af
a
pa
r
tic
u
l
ar
ch
a
i
n
d
o
i
l
y
,
a
th
_
ope
ni
ng sang which i
s
Q
_W
Cl
yS
the s
a
me
a
n
d
T
he
h
and
s
r
esti
n
g
i
n on
e
a
no
t
h
er
is
t
he
cl
a
s
si
c
co
m
p
lex for
m
u
la
or
i
n
c
a
n
t
a
t
ion
anal
og
o
u
s
to three others which
he
choo
ses
for hi
m
se
lf. Then
Other Seru
m
Modo
B
tkm
gesture of
m
ed
it
a
tiv
e repo
se
a
n
d
inner pea
ce
.
Christi
a
n praye
r
,
or
si
m
ply a syll
a
bl
e
(so
me
- t
he
Dru
mme
r
C
hief sings a
nd
t
he
Road
C
hief
T
h
e use of
lace
m lo
d
l
m
ct
co
n
scio
u
sness
i
s
an Of
co
ur
se
, W
es
ter
ne
r
s
m
ay prefer to develop
ti
m
e
s
call btj
n'
m
ant
ra or
Ned
sy
l
lable
) chc
4
q
m
drum
s
a
n
d
the
n
t
he
C
e
dar C
hief
si
ng
s
and
t
he
a
l
m
ost u
n
i
v
e
r
s
a
l
pra
cti
ce
i
n a
ll fo
r
ms o
f re
l
igi
on
t
he
ir own
mud
ra
s
;
pa
rticul
a
r groups of
e
xplo
re
rs
fo
r
Ils qu
a
li
ty
o
f
sou
nd
v
i
b
r
ation
r
at
h
e
r
t
ha
n
lis
R
oa
d
C
hief drums. Now the dr
um
a
nd raffle,
and a
l
l sy
stems
of
m
ed
i
tat
i
on. T
he
Peyote i
nd
ia
ns
may
h
av
e
t
hei
r
o
w
n
s
pecial code.
m
ea
ni
ng
. Thus the f
am
ou
s
un
i
versal
ma
nlh
m
OM staff
an
d sage ga
a
rou
nd
t
he
ro
o
m
a
nd
people
p
a
s
s
sage around a
n
d
pe
opl
e
s
m
ell it and rub it
h
a
s no
'
m
ea
ni
ng", as
a w
ord, but it I
s
the
s
i
ng
and dru
m
in pai
rs
. ''4
on t
hemse
lve
s
. T
he
o
rgan of s
m
ell
a
nd as
sociated Scm
_ _
of P
rags
a
mm
h
tg
br
a
i
n
area
s
ar
e p
rob
a
bly am
on
g
th
e
ol
d
es
t
i
n It i
s
b
e
st
to
d
is
u
se the
de
t
a
i
l
s
of ps
y
che
d
el
i
c
word,
or
L
o
ge
s
,
or
vib
ra
ti
on
which lies at t
he
It i
s
obviously i
n
appropri
a
te for th
e
Westerner
the
e
volution
a
ry se
n
se
. S
m
ell
s
trigger off v
ery sess
ion progr
a
m
m
ing by way of
s
p
ec
i
fic
e
x-
root of
e
v
e
ryt
h
ing an
d
co
n b
e
used to t
u
ne into to
a
dopt E
a
stern
ma
ntra
s
a
s the
y
a
re; if t
he
y ar
e
b
a
s
ic,
ins
tin
ct
u
a
l
, pr
e
-
co
ltura
l impr
ess
ions
, an
d
a
m
ple
s
. Th
e co
nt
e
nt of t
he
pr
og
r
a
m
will
de
pe
n
d
t
he
co
mm
o
n
co
J
mic
ene
r
g
y
p
r
oces
s,
used, they woul
d h
ave to be
m
odi
f
i
e
d
. Here
o
r
e
therefore well suited for psychedelic
on the purpo
se
or goal of th
e sess
ion. W
e
will
T
he
man
t
r
a
h
a
s
thro
u
gh pr
e
viou
s
p
ra
cti
ca
a
net.
a
g
ain we
s
t
and
on
t
he
th
r
es
h
o
l
d o
f t
he
sci
en
t
i
fic
progr
a
m
m
in
g
,
con
s
ide
r iix ex
a
m
ples
--
di
a
gnosi
s
, thera
p
y,
work of a
s
soci
a
tio
ns
--
e
m
otion
a
l,
i
ntellectu
al
,
r
e
-discov
ery
of th
e
relationship of sou
n
d to
intellect
ua
l u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
din
g
,
a
esthetic
app
ra
ci.
s
pirit
u
al -- connect
ed to
it, which a
re
Invoked
co
n
s
cious
n
e
ss
. Psychedelic v
o
y
a
g
ers
have to de-
Ta
ste
a
nd tou
ch se
n
sa
tion
s
con also be explored
a
sian, in
te
r
pe
rson
a
l
co
m
m
uni
ca
ti
on
,
se
lf-under.
w
h
en t
h
e mantra i
s
repeated. It i
s o
way a
f
co
n- velop their own
ma
n
tras in
a
pr
a
gm
at
ic,
e
xpe
r
i-
during a p
s
yched
el
ic
sessi
o
n in
o mor
e
or l
es
t st
an
ding
or se
lf-dev
e
lop
me
nt.
ta
r
i
ng
conlc
l
ou
_s
on
one st
re
am desi
g
ne
d
to
mant
a
l w
a
y,
u
si
n
g
so
und
s
,
r
hyth
m
s
,
w
o
rd
s
or
sys
t
em
a
t
i
c
fas
h
i
on. The c
hem
ic
al
l
y
"
t
u
n
e
d
"
r
e
-
lea
d
you o
u
t of t
he co
ncept
u
al
ma
-
,
*. In
n
Ps
y-
p
hrases th
a
t
a
re
m
eaningful a
nd
that w
or
k.
cap
t
ors
will reveal undr
e
a
m
ed
of di
m
ensions of (1) T
he
pur
po
se of the ex
pe
rience
m
ay
be
di
a
g
-
ch4
d
elic
se
ssi
on
with an Europe
a
n
-
born ini
t
iate
sensory com
muni
ca
t
io
n. One
m
ight prepa
re
a
n
es
lb. A
m
ong the Indi
a
ns of Mexi
co
a
nd South
into o
ne
of the Tibetan Buddhist order
s
, we
ha
d T
he
u
se
of vi
s
ual
a
n
d sound p
a
tt
e
r
ns
to progr
am
se
ri
e
s of diffe
re
nt
te
xtur
es
and food
s
. The
co
- A
me
ri
ca
who u
se
p
s
ychedelic
m
u
s
hroo
ms
,
v
ines
the
o
pp
o
r
t
u
ni
ty
o
f
o
b
se
rv
ing
t
h
e
e
ffic
a
c
y
of co
n
Ki
ousness
may
se
e
m
eso
t
e
r
ic
and
fa
r r
e
-
c
a
ll
e
d "left-han
d
ed"
pa
t
h of the Tontr
ic s
y
s
t
em
o
r
c
a
ct
u
ses
, t
h
is i
s
u
s
ua
l
l
y
the pa
ramou
nt
re
as
o
n.
m
antr
l
c pract
i
ca
. This
m
an,
in
sp
ite
of hi
s
m
oved fro
m
our
e
v
ery
d
a
y
e
xperiance. A
ct
ually,
o
f y
og
a
wa
s bo
n
d
i
n por
t o
n
t
he s
y
st
e
mat
ic R. Gordon Wa
ssa
n, i
n
hi
s
excellent
pape
r on
leng
th
y and
e
xcell
en
t prep
a
r
a
tion thro
u
gh t
he e
ve
ry Pe
r
sa
n brought up in any trib
a
l cultu
re
exploration and
m
apping of senso
ry
ax
pe
r
io
n
co "
O
lo
l
i
uhqui
a
nd th
e
Ot
he
r Hallucinogen
s
of
B
u
ddhi
s
t
p
r
a
ctic
e
, wa
s
o
ve
rw
he
l
m
ed by the (including our own) h
as
b
_n
taught a wide
i
n
o
il m
oc
iol
i
ties
, incl
u
d
ing t
he se
xual.
Mexico ''s, gives
a
transcri
p
tion of
a
v
erbati
m
po
w
er
of t
he
LSD
e
xpe
r
i
e
n
ce
an
d
g
ot
ca
u
g
ht
i
n
v
a
ri
e
ty
of s
u
ch tec
h
n
i
q
u
es
f
o
r
p
r
og
ra
mm
i
n
g
h
i
s
a
cco
u
n
t o
f t
he
r
it
ua
l
u
si
n
g
m
orni
n
g
.
g
lo
ry
see
d
s
.
te
r
ror and
co
nfu
s
ion. H
e
re
m
e
m
bere
d
hi
s
ma
n-
co
nsciou
s
ne
ss
. Th
e
A
m
erican fl
a
g, the Christi
a
n
Ki
nes
thetic pr
og
r
amm
ing i
s
th
e
ba
s
i
s
of the con- In the Z
a
po
tec villages the ritu
a
l
ce
nte
rs
aro
u
nd
kra, given h
im
by h
is gra
m
, but cou
l
d
no
t sp4
a
k cro
ss
,
th
e Star of David ar
e
fa
m
ili
a
r ya
n
t
r
a-Ilk
e
copt of
m
ud
ra
, or gest
u
re. Th
e mud
ra
, which i
s th
e Ble
s
sed Virgin, indeed t
he
seed
s
ar
e
call
ed
it, havin
g
lost cont
a
ct
with hi
s
vocal
a
ppar
a
tu
s
,
s
y
m
bol
s
. Th
e
Lord'
s
Prayer, the words
"
1 love
particu
l
arly i
m
po
rtant in J
a
p
a
nese Buddhis
m
,
"sao
d o
f
the Virgin
"
,
a
nd t
he be
ve
ra
g
e
i
s
a
d-
His
wi
fe
, w
h
o w
as
present,
sp
o
k
e
fl
_
mani
l
a
yo
u
' ar
e
m
antric in
ca
nta
tio
n
s
. The
sad fa
ct
is
con
vey
s
a
b
a
s
i
c e
m
o
ti
o
na
l
-
d
e
v
otion
a
l
a
tt
i
t
ud
e
m
in
iste
r
e
d by a y
o
u
n
g
girl o
f
sev
e
n or eig
h
t
r
e
peohKIly into hi
s ea
r, w
he
r
eu
pon
,
a
fte
r a
f
e
w
th
a
t
m
ost of th
e
consciou
s
ne
ss
-
d
i
re
cti
ng
dev
ices
which
co
n be v
ery
p
ow
e
r
f
u
l in cent
e
ring, c
a
l
m
-
yea
r
s
if t
he pat
ie
n
t i
s
o
ma
n
,
a
bo
y
i
f the p
a
tient
I
0
I
l
O
N
PR
OG
RAMMINPS
YC
H
E
DELIE
X
PE
R
IENC
ES
is a wo
m
an. Th
e
ritual i
s
very si
m
ple: th
e
chi
l
d
i
d
e
ally, the voy
a
ger should have
a
t
le
a
s
t
a
whole
sim
p
ly stays with th
e
per
s
on to hear what h
e
will d
a
y
m
ore or l
e
s
s
al
o
ne, or
a
t least in a rel
a
tively
s
a
y. The patient r
e
ma
ins on th
e
bed.
"He
sh
o
uld ga
m
e-f
r
ee environment, to thoroughly ab
s
orb
no
t
t
a
lk until th
e
next d
a
y.
A
nd
s
o
everything and
a
ss
imil
a
te th
e e
x
p
eri
e
n
c
e
.
is reve
a
led. Yo
u
ar
e
told whether th
e t
rou
b
le i
s
(2)
C
lo
sel
y linked with th
e
first ty
pe
of se
ss
ion
an
a
ct of
m
alice or whether it i
s
illn
ess?
. In
is one whose pur
p
ose is t
h
erapy or behavior
m
odern ter
m
s, the ex
p
erience is used to di
a
gno
s
e c
h
ange. In our awn re
se
a
rch we h
a
ve ba
_
ed the
whether the illness i
s
psychoso
ma
tic
a
r organic, techniq
u
e of
be
havior change on the ga
m
e
Diagnosis could also
be
m
ore gener
a
l
th
a
n
mod
el of human
be
havi
a
r
_e
,1
1
. Fo
ll
owing this ,
si
m
ply medical.
A
person
ma
y wish to di
a
gno
se mod
el the two key concepts in changing behavior
his life situation. In this c
a
se he would write are co
a
ching
a
nd feedb
a
ck. Su
p
po
se
a convict
down or tape-record
b
efore the session
a
serie
s
of w
a
nts to learn to st
a
y out of prison. We try to
questions that he would
l
ike to have answered, have hi
m
co
a
ched by an ex-convi
c
t who ha
s
and arrange to h
a
ve the
m
re
a
d so
m
e ti
m
e in the stayed out of prison. We give hi
m
back any
re-entry ph
a
se of the session. The disadv
a
ntage infor
m
ation we get on h
is
progress.
F
or ex
amp
le,
of suchverb
a
l for
m
ul
a
tions i
s
th
a
t they co
m
e from in
a
project run at the
C
on
c
ord Refor
m
ato
ry
in
the pre-psychedelic
m
ind,
a
nd hence often do not Ma
s
s
a
chu
se
tt
s
, p
r
isoners took psychological tests
touch the signific
a
nt points. Frequently a
pe
rson of
"
nor
ma
l
a
dj
u
st
m
ent
"
a
nd were told what the
in the psychedelic
se
s
s
ion wi
l
l l
a
ugh
a
t the ridic- results were.
A
few week
s
l
a
ter they would t
a
ke
ulous questions he thought so i
m
port
a
nt
be
fore- the test
a
gain, to
se
e if they could
"
i
m
prove
"
hand. If the p
a
tient is in psychother
a
py, then of their score. D
a
vid Mc
C
lel
io
nd and George Litwin
i
cour
se
the therapist would be at hand to a
s
k of Harvard Un
i
versity have shown that score
s
i
questions, a
s
described for example in Con
s
t
a
nce on a test of
"
n
ee
d for achievement
"
c
a
n be
rai
se
d through c
oa
ching and feed-back, and that
actual achievement (academic,
se
n
s
o
ry
-motor)
I
The Mexican c
u
r
a
nder
a
'
s
account quoted above a
l
so in
c
rea
s
es following
s
uch change 1
_
. Using
contains the very valuable piece o
f
advice to
s
imilar technique
s
, Frank Barron and Timothy
abstain
f
rom talking during the next day. One
Leary
t
3 have shown how a
rt
-
s
tudent
s
can be
o
f
the prime
s
ource
s
of confusion in p
s
ychedelic made more creative. Synanon and Alcoholic
s
I
or
"
explain
"
the experience. O
f
ten a
pe
r
so
n will
se
ttle for
s
ome theoretical formulation that tem- The psychedel
i
c ex
pe
rience can help one to
po
r
arily allay
s
hi
s "
cogn
i
tive anxie
ty"
, but change think
i
ng and attitude
s
underlying
cert
ain
A
n
onymou
s
are ba
se
d on the
sa
me princ
i
ple
s
.
.
;
,
_
e
ff
ectively
s
hut
s
him o
ff
from fu
rt
her direct
co
n- games. This is a nece
ss
a
r
y first
s
tep. But the new
f
rontation o
f
the new
i
mpre
ss
ion
s
received, game-patte
r
n
s
then have to
be
lea
r
ned,
l
ike
13
'i
Groat
l
ucldha
of Nam,
Japan,
rook
i
ng
with
hi
s ri
g
ht
b
ond the m u
d
ra of feorlossneis
a
n
d wit
h
his left the m
u
dro
of giving.
Newland'
s
b
oo
k
M
y
se
lf and I
t
.
sessi
on
s is
the premature attempt to rationa
l
ize
Plik z chomika:
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Inne pliki z tego folderu:
Tihkal -Alexander Shulgin.pdf
(17651 KB)
R Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, - Road to Eleusis.pdf
(143 KB)
Terrence McKenna - Pokarm Bogów.pdf
(8511 KB)
Jim DeKorne - Ayahuasca Analogues.pdf
(740 KB)
Marcia Moore - Journeys into the Bright World.pdf
(26028 KB)
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