2010 - Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction - Self & Staley.pdf - 2010 - Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction - colette87

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

Series Editors:

Mark Geyer, La Jolla, CA, USA

Bart Ellenbroek, Hamburg, Germany

Charles Marsden, Nottingham, UK

About this series

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences provides critical and comprehensive

discussions of the most signiﬁcant areas of behavioral neuroscience research,

written by leading international authorities. Each volume offers an informative

and contemporary account of its subject, making it an unrivalled reference source.

Titles in this series are available in both print and electronic formats.

With the development of new methodologies for brain imaging, genetic and

genomic analyses, molecular engineering of mutant animals, novel routes for drug

delivery, and sophisticated cross-species behavioral assessments, it is now possible

to study behavior relevant to psychiatric and neurological diseases and disorders on

the physiological level. The Behavioral Neurosciences series focuses on ‘‘transla-

tional medicine’’ and cutting-edge technologies. Preclinical and clinical trials for

the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics as well as prevention efforts

are covered whenever possible.

David W. Self l Julie K. Staley

Editors

Behavioral Neuroscience

of Drug Addiction

Editors

Prof. Dr. David W. Self

University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dept. Psychiatry

5323 Harry Hines Blvd.

Dallas TX 75390-9070

USA

david.self@utsouthwestern.edu

Julie K. Staley { , Ph.D.

Department of Psychiatry

Yale University

School of Medicine

VACHS 116A2

950 Campell Ave.

West Haven CT 06516

USA

ISSN 1866-3370

e-ISSN 1866-3389

ISBN 978-3-642-03000-0

e-ISBN 978-3-642-03001-7

DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03001-7

Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938007

# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

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Preface

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing mental illness involving severe

motivational disturbances and loss of behavioral control leading to personal devas-

tation. The disorder afﬂicts millions of people, often co-occurring with other mental

illnesses with enormous social and economic costs to society. Several decades of

research have established that drugs of abuse hijack the brain’s natural reward

substrates, and that chronic drug use causes aberrant alterations in these reward-

processing systems. Such aberrations may be demonstrated at the cellular, neuro-

transmitter, and regional levels of information processing using either animal

models or neuroimaging in humans following chronic drug exposure. Behaviorally,

these neural aberrations manifest as exaggerated, altered or dysfunctional expres-

sion of learned behavioral responses related to the pursuit of drug rewards, or to

environmental factors that precipitate craving and relapse during periods of drug

withdrawal. Current research efforts are aimed at understanding the associative and

causal relationships between these neurobiological and behavioral events, such that

treatment options will ultimately employ therapeutic amelioration of neural deﬁcits

and restoration of normal brain processing to promote efforts to abstain from further

drug use.

The Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction, part of the Springer series on

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, contains scholarly reviews by noted

experts on multiple topics from both basic and clinical neuroscience ﬁelds. In the

ﬁrst two chapters, recent technological advances in the ability to monitor synaptic

neuroplasticity and transient dopamine release events are discussed in relation to

drug and alcohol addiction models. These studies have greatly advanced our

understanding of how chronic drug exposure changes the responsiveness of primary

reward substrates for drugs of abuse. Subsequent chapters illustrate how these

events translate into addictive behavior and recruit additional brain regions

involved in reward-related learning and behavioral disinhibition. Other chapters

delve into the relationship between heightened drug responsivity and the propensity

for relapse, and the neurobiology of anhedonia after chronic drug use is discon-

tinued. Together, these chapters provide a focused and critical review of current

animal models and methods along with functional

relationships between

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