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Pharmaceutical Microbiology
EDITED BY
W.B.HUGO
BPharm PhD FRPharmS
Formerly Reader in Pharmaceutical Microbiology
University of Nottingham
AND
A.D.RUSSELL
Bpharm DSc PhD FRPharmS FRCPath
Professor of Pharmaceutical Microbiology
University of Wales Cardiff
Cardiff
SIXTH EDITION
b
Blackwell
Science
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A catalogue record for this title
is available from the British Library
ISBN 0-632-04196X
Library of Congress
Cataloging-in-publication Data
Pharmaceutical microbiology
edited by W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russell.
—6th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and
index.
ISBN0-632-04196-X
1. Pharmaceutical in microbiology.
2. Anti-infective agents.
I. Hugo, W.B. (William Barry)
II. Russell, A.D. (Allan Denver),
1936-
QR46.5.P48 1998
615'.1'01579—dc21
97-31976
CIP
First published 1977
Second edition 1980
Third edition 1983
Reprinted 1986
Fourth edition 1987
Reprinted 1989, 1991
Italian Edition 1991
Fifth edition 1992
Reprinted 1993, 1994, 1995
Sixth edition 1998
Set by Setrite Typesetters Ltd,
Hong Kong
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall
The Blackwell Science logo is a
trade mark of Blackwell Science Ltd,
registered at the United Kingdom
Trade Marks Registry
Contents
Contributors, vii
Preface to the Sixth Edition, ix
Preface to the First Edition, x
Part 1 Biology of Microorganisms
1 Bacteria, 3
W. B. Hugo
2 Yeasts and moulds, 35
J. R. Dickinson
3 Viruses, 53
D. J. Stickler
4 Principles of microbial pathogenicity and epidemiology, 75
P. Gilbert
Part 2 Antimicrobial Agents
5 Types of antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents, 91
A. D. Russell
6 Clinical uses of antimicrobial drugs, 130
R. G. Finch
7 Manufacture of antibiotics, 149
S. A. Varian
8 Mechanisms of action of antibiotics, 162
P. A. Lambert
9 Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, 181
E. G. M. Power
10 Chemical disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives, 201
E. M. Scott &S.P. Gorman
11 Evaluation of non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents, 229
W. B. Hugo & A. D. Russell
12 Mode of action of non-antibiotic antibacterial agents, 256
W. B. Hugo
13 Resistance to non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents, 263
A. D. Russell
14 Fundamentals of immunology, 278
J. R. Furr
15 The manufacture and quality control of immunological products, 304
F W. Sheffield
16 Vaccination and immunization, 321
P. Gilbert & D. G. Allison
Part 3 Microbial Aspects of Pharmaceutical Processing
17 Ecology of microorganisms as it affects the pharmaceutical industry, 339
E. Underwood
18 Microbial spoilage and preservation of pharmaceutical products, 355
E. G. Beveridge
19 Contamination of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in hospital and community
environments, 374
R. M. Baird
20 Principles and practice of sterilization, 385
S. P. Denyer & N. A. Hodges
21 Sterile pharmaceutical products, 410
M. C. Allwood
22 Factory and hospital hygiene and good manufacturing practice, 426
S. P. Denyer
23 Sterilization control and sterility assurance, 439
S. P. Denyer & N. A. Hodges
24 Production of therapeutically useful substances by recombinant DNA
technology, 453
S. B. Primrose
25 Additional applications of microorganisms in the pharmaceutical
sciences, 469
A. D. Russell
Index, 493
Contributors
D. G. ALLISON BSc, PhD, Lecturer in Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester
M. C. A L L W O O D BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Professor of Clinical Pharmaceutics,
Pharmacy Academic Practice Unit, School of Health and Community Studies, University of
Derby, Mickleover, Derby
R. M. B AIR D BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Research Fellow of the Daphne Jackson
Memorial Fellowships Trust, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath,
Bath
E.G.BEVERIDGE BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, MIBiol, CBiol, MIQA, Principal
Lecturer in Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, University of
Sunderland, Sunderland
S.RDENYER BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Professor of Pharmaceutical and Applied
Microbiology and Head, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb,
Brighton
J. R. DICKINSON BSc, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Yeast Molecular Biology, School of
Pure & Applied Biology, University of Wales Cardiff, Cardiff
R. G. FIN C H MB, ChB, FRCP, FRCPath, FFPM, Consultant Physician in Microbial
Diseases, City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, and Professor of Infectious Diseases,
Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Queen's Medical
Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
J. R. F U R R MPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Lecturer in Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Welsh
School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Cardiff, Cardiff
R GIL B E RT BSc, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester
S.R GORMAN BSc, PhD, MPSNI, Professor of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School
of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast
N. A. H O D G E S BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS, Principal Lecturer in Pharmaceutical
Microbiology, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton
W. B.HUGO BPharm, PhD, FRPharmS, Formerly Reader in Pharmaceutical
Contributors
vii
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