Grammar Usage and Mechanics C3 + AK.pdf

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THIRD COURSE
Grammar, Usage,
and Mechanics
Language Skills Practice for Chapters 1–17
■ Lesson Worksheets
■ Chapter Reviews
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Contents
Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics
Language Skills Practice
USING THIS WORKBOOK .............................................. viii
Finding the Subject ........................................................ 34
The Understood Subject ................................................ 35
Compound Subjects ...................................................... 36
Compound Verbs ............................................................ 37
Compound Subjects and Verbs .................................... 38
Complements .................................................................. 39
The Subject Complement: Predicate
Nominatives .................................................................... 40
The Subject Complement: Predicate Adjectives ...... 41
Predicate Nominatives and Predicate Adjectives .... 42
Direct Objects .................................................................. 43
Indirect Objects................................................................ 44
Direct and Indirect Objects .......................................... 45
Parts of a Sentence .......................................................... 46
Classifying Sentences by Purpose .............................. 47
R EVIEW A: Sentences and Sentence Fragments ........ 48
R EVIEW B: Subjects and Predicates .............................. 49
R EVIEW C: Complements .............................................. 50
R EVIEW D: Sentence Fragments, Kinds of
Sentences .......................................................................... 51
Chapter 1
THE PARTS OF SPEECH:
THE WORK THAT WORDS DO
The Noun .................................................................... 1
Proper, Common, Concrete, and Abstract Nouns .... 2
Compound and Collective Nouns ................................ 3
Pronouns and Antecedents ............................................ 4
Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns .............. 5
Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative
Pronouns ............................................................................ 6
Indefinite Pronouns .................................................... 7
Identifying Pronouns .................................................. 8
The Adjective .............................................................. 9
Pronoun or Adjective? .............................................. 10
Noun or Adjective? .................................................. 11
Adjectives in Sentences ............................................ 12
The Verb .................................................................... 13
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs .............................. 14
Action Verbs .............................................................. 15
Linking Verbs ............................................................ 16
Verb Phrases .............................................................. 17
The Adverb ................................................................ 18
Adverbs and the Words They Modify .................... 19
Noun or Adverb? ...................................................... 20
The Preposition ........................................................ 21
The Conjunction ........................................................ 22
T he Interjection ........................................................ 23
Determining Parts of Speech .................................... 24
R EVIEW A: Parts of Speech ........................................ 25
R EVIEW B: Parts of Speech ........................................ 26
R EVIEW C: Parts of Speech ........................................ 27
Chapter 3
THE PHRASE:
PREPOSITIONAL, VERBAL, AND
APPOSITIVE PHRASES
Phrases .............................................................................. 52
Prepositional Phrases .................................................... 53
The Adjective Phrase...................................................... 54
The Adverb Phrase ........................................................ 55
Adjective and Adverb Phrases .................................... 56
The Participle .................................................................. 57
The Participial Phrase .................................................... 58
Participles and Participial Phrases .............................. 59
The Gerund ...................................................................... 60
The Gerund Phrase ........................................................ 61
Gerunds and Gerund Phrases...................................... 62
Participial and Gerund Phrases .................................. 63
The Infinitive .................................................................. 64
The Infinitive Phrase ...................................................... 65
Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases ................................ 66
Verbal Phrases A ............................................................ 67
Verbal Phrases B.............................................................. 68
The Appositive ................................................................ 69
The Appositive Phrase .................................................. 70
Appositives and Appositive Phrases.......................... 71
Chapter 2
THE PARTS OF A SENTENCE:
SUBJECT, PREDICATE, COMPLEMENT
Sentences and Sentence Fragments A ........................ 28
Sentences and Sentence Fragments B ........................ 29
Subjects and Predicates.................................................. 30
Simple and Complete Subjects .................................... 31
Simple and Complete Predicates ................................ 32
Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates ........ 33
iii
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Contents
R EVIEW A: Identifying Phrases .................................... 72
R EVIEW B: Identifying Phrases ...................................... 73
R EVIEW C: Identifying Phrases...................................... 74
Agreement of Subject and Verb L.............................. 107
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent A.............. 108
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent B .............. 109
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent C.............. 110
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent D.............. 111
Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent E .............. 112
R EVIEW A: Subject-Verb Agreement .......................... 113
R EVIEW B: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement............ 114
R EVIEW C: Subject-Verb and
Pronoun-Antecedent .................................................... 115
Chapter 4
THE CLAUSE:
INDEPENDENT AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
Clauses .............................................................................. 75
Independent Clauses .................................................... 76
Subordinate Clauses ...................................................... 77
Independent and Subordinate Clauses ...................... 78
Adjective Clauses A ...................................................... 79
Adjective Clauses B ........................................................ 80
Relative Pronouns .......................................................... 81
Adverb Clauses A .......................................................... 82
Adverb Clauses B .......................................................... 83
Subordinating Conjunctions ........................................ 84
Adjective and Adverb Clauses .................................... 85
Noun Clauses A .............................................................. 86
Noun Clauses B .............................................................. 87
Kinds of Subordinate Clauses ...................................... 88
Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences .......... 89
Complex Sentences and Compound-Complex
Sentences .......................................................................... 90
R EVIEW A: Independent and Subordinate
Clauses .............................................................................. 91
R EVIEW B: Clauses and Their Functions .................... 92
R EVIEW C: Sentence Structure ...................................... 93
R EVIEW D: Clauses and Sentence Structure................ 94
Chapter 6
USING VERBS CORRECTLY:
PRINCIPAL PARTS, TENSE, VOICE, MOOD
The Principal Parts of Verbs ...................................... 116
Regular Verbs ................................................................ 117
Irregular Verbs A .......................................................... 118
Irregular Verbs B .......................................................... 119
Irregular Verbs C .......................................................... 120
Irregular Verbs D .......................................................... 121
Irregular Verbs E .......................................................... 122
Tense................................................................................ 123
Consistency of Tense A................................................ 124
Consistency of Tense B ................................................ 125
Active and Passive Voice ............................................ 126
Using the Passive Voice .............................................. 127
Lie and Lay ...................................................................... 128
Sit and Set ...................................................................... 129
Rise and Raise ................................................................ 130
Six Troublesome Verbs ................................................ 131
Mood .............................................................................. 132
R EVIEW A: Verb Forms.................................................. 133
R EVIEW B: Consistency of Tense; Voice .................... 134
R EVIEW C: Verb Forms .................................................. 135
R EVIEW D: Consistency of Tense; Voice .................... 136
Chapter 5
AGREEMENT:
SUBJECT AND VERB, PRONOUN AND ANTECEDENT
Number ............................................................................ 95
Agreement of Subject and Verb A .............................. 96
Agreement of Subject and Verb B................................ 97
Agreement of Subject and Verb C .............................. 98
Agreement of Subject and Verb D .............................. 99
Agreement of Subject and Verb E ............................ 100
Agreement of Subject and Verb F.............................. 101
Agreement of Subject and Verb G ............................ 102
Agreement of Subject and Verb H ............................ 103
Agreement of Subject and Verb I .............................. 104
Agreement of Subject and Verb J .............................. 105
Agreement of Subject and Verb K ............................ 106
Chapter 7
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY:
NOMINATIVE AND OBJECTIVE USES;
CLEAR REFERENCE
Case ................................................................................ 137
The Case Forms of Personal Pronouns .................... 138
The Nominative Case A .............................................. 139
The Nominative Case B .............................................. 140
The Objective Case A .................................................. 141
iv
 
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Contents
The Objective Case B .................................................. 142
Nominative and Objective Case Pronouns ............ 143
The Possessive Case .................................................... 144
Case Forms A ................................................................ 145
Case Forms B ................................................................ 146
Who and Whom .............................................................. 147
Appositives .................................................................... 148
Pronouns in Incomplete Constructions.................... 149
Special Pronoun Problems .......................................... 150
Clear Pronoun Reference A ........................................ 151
Clear Pronoun Reference B ........................................ 152
Clear Pronoun Reference C ........................................ 153
R EVIEW A: Case Problems............................................ 154
R EVIEW B: Clear Reference .......................................... 155
R EVIEW C: Using Pronouns Correctly ...................... 156
R EVIEW D: Using Pronouns Correctly ...................... 157
R EVIEW C: Correcting Dangling and Misplaced
Modifiers ........................................................................ 180
R EVIEW D: Modifiers .................................................... 181
Chapter 9
A GLOSSARY OF USAGE:
COMMON USAGE PROBLEMS
Glossary of Usage A .................................................... 182
Glossary of Usage B .................................................... 183
Glossary of Usage C .................................................... 184
Glossary of Usage D .................................................... 185
Glossary of Usage E .................................................... 186
Double Negatives ........................................................ 187
Nonsexist Language .................................................... 188
R EVIEW A: A Glossary of Usage.................................. 189
R EVIEW B: A Glossary of Usage .................................. 190
R EVIEW C: A Glossary of Usage.................................. 191
Chapter 8
USING MODIFIERS CORRECTLY:
COMPARISON AND PLACEMENT
Modifiers ........................................................................ 158
One-Word Modifiers .................................................... 159
Adjective or Adverb? .................................................. 160
Phrases Used as Modifiers.......................................... 161
Clauses Used as Modifiers ........................................ 162
Phrases and Clauses Used as Modifiers .................. 163
Bad and Badly, Good and Well .................................... 164
Slow and Slowly, Real and Really ................................ 165
Eight Troublesome Modifiers .................................... 166
Regular Comparison .................................................... 167
Irregular Comparison .................................................. 168
Regular and Irregular Comparison A ...................... 169
Regular and Irregular Comparison B ...................... 170
Using Comparative and Superlative Forms A ...... 171
Using Comparative and Superlative Forms B........ 172
Using Comparative and Superlative Forms C ...... 173
Correcting Dangling Modifiers.................................. 174
Correcting Misplaced Modifiers................................ 175
Correcting Dangling and Misplaced
Modifiers A .................................................................... 176
Correcting Dangling and Misplaced
Modifiers B .................................................................... 177
R EVIEW A: Comparative and Superlative Forms .... 178
R EVIEW B: Correcting Errors in Comparison .......... 179
Chapter 10
CAPITAL LETTERS:
THE RULES FOR CAPITALIZATION
Capitalizing First Words, I, and O ............................ 192
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives A .................. 193
Capitalizing Geographical Names ............................ 194
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives B .................. 195
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives C .................. 196
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives D .................. 197
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives E .................. 198
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives F .................. 199
Names of School Subjects .......................................... 200
Proper Nouns, Proper Adjectives, and School
Subjects .......................................................................... 201
Titles A ............................................................................ 202
Titles B ............................................................................ 203
Reviewing Capitalization of Titles ............................ 204
R EVIEW A: Capitalization ............................................ 205
R EVIEW B: Capitalization.............................................. 206
R EVIEW C: Capitalization ............................................ 207
Chapter 11
PUNCTUATION:
END MARKS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND COMMAS
End Marks...................................................................... 208
Abbreviations A ............................................................ 209
Abbreviations B ............................................................ 210
v
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