9282103439.pdf

EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

making cars more fuel efficient

Technology for

Real Improvements

on the Road

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous body which was established in

November 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development (OECD) to implement an international energy programme.

It carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among twenty-six of the

OECD’s thirty member countries. The basic aims of the IEA are:

• to maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions;

• to promote rational energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with

non-member countries, industry and international organisations;

• to operate a permanent information system on the international oil market;

• to improve the world’s energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative

energy sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use;

• to assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies.

The IEA member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic,

Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Republic of

Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States. The European Commission takes

part in the work of the IEA.

No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made

without written permission. Applications should be sent to:

International Energy Agency (IEA), Head of Publications Service,

9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France.

EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT (ECMT)

The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) is an inter-governmental organisation

established by a Protocol signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953. It comprises the Ministers of

Transport of 43 full Member countries: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,

FRY Macedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and

Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.

There are seven Associate member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the

United States) and one Observer country (Morocco).

The ECMT is a forum in which Ministers responsible for transport, and more specifically the inland

transport sector, can co-operate on policy. Within this forum, Ministers can openly discuss current

problems and agree upon joint approaches aimed at improving the utilization and at ensuring the

rational development of European transport systems of international importance.

At present, ECMT has a dual role. On one hand it helps to create an integrated transport system

throughout the enlarged Europe that is economically efficient and meets environmental and safety

standards. In order to achieve this, it is important for ECMT to help build a bridge between the European

Union and the rest of the European continent at a political level.

On the other hand, ECMT's mission is also to develop reflections on long-term trends in the

transport sector and to study the implications for the sector of increased globalisation. The activities in

this regard have recently been reinforced by the setting up of a New Joint OECD/ECMT Transport

Research Centre.

Further information about the ECMT is available on Internet at the following address:

www.oecd.org/cem

2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France

FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 5

FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report provides a technical analysis of why vehicles perform better in fuel economy test

procedures than they do in actual operation on the road. It examines how the gap between test and

“on-road” emissions can be closed. A variety of technologies are examined that, whilst they show now

gains in the tests used to certify vehicles for sale, could improve fuel economy and reduce CO 2

emissions in the real world. Manufacturers have little or no incentive to introduce these technologies

although they could be used to cut emissions by over 10%. The practical information presented here

should assist policy makers in identifying technologies and other strategies such as driver training to

promote fuel efficiency on the roads and provide incentives for the uptake of the relevant technologies.

This book was produced jointly by the European Conference of Ministers of Transport and the

International Energy Agency, Office of Energy Technology and R&D. The ECMT and IEA would like

to thank Mr. K. G. Duleep of EEA, Arlington, Virginia for providing the main analysis underlying this

report. We would also like to thank Novem, the Dutch energy agency for important contributions in

the area of efficient driving behaviour. Useful comments were received from many individuals,

including Tom Howes (European Commission, DG-TREN), Dan Santini (Argonne National

Laboratory, US), and Feng An (independent consultant). Of course any errors or omissions remain the

responsibility of ECMT and IEA.

TECHNOLOGY AND POLICIES TO IMPROVE VEHICLE IN-USE FUEL ECONOMY – ISBN 92-821-0343-9 -  ECMT, 2005

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