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CONTENTS
COVER
A three-dimensional model of the
topological structure of zeolite SSZ-65.
The Gordon Research Conference on
Nanoporous Materials will be held
15 to 20 June 2008 at Colby College,
Waterville, ME. The schedules for the
2008 Gordon Research Conferences
begin on page 637.
Modelcreationandrendering:
KellyHarveyandScottHarvey
DEPARTMENTS
543 Science Online
545 This Week in Science
549 Editors’ Choice
550 Contact Science
551 Random Samples
553 Newsmakers
634 2008 Information for Authors
636 New Products
637 Gordon Research Conferences
662 Science Careers
EDITORIAL
548 The Real Debate
by Donald Kennedy
NEWS OF THE WEEK
DOE’s Disappointing Budget Makes It Harder 554
to Stick to the Basics
Lancet and MSF Split Over Malnutrition Series 555
Indian Government Hopes Bill Will Stimulate Innovation 556
Dutch Revise Policy Blocking Iranian Students 556
Deaths Prompt a Review of Experimental 557
Probiotic Therapy
SCIENCESCOPE 557
DNA Assembles Materials From the Ground Up 558
>> Report p. 594
Aging of the Ovary Linked to PTEN Pathway 558
>> Report p. 611
LETTERS
Retraction M. A. Dwyer, L. L. Looger, H. W. Hellinga 569
Comparing Social Skills of Children and Apes
F. B. M. de Waal, C. Boesch, V. Horner, A. Whiten
Response E. Herrmann et al.
BOOKS ET AL.
Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea 571
P. G. Falkowski and A. H. Knoll, Eds.,
reviewed by R. Riding
No Way Home The Decline of the World’s Great 572
Animal Migrations D. S. Wilcove,
reviewed by T. Alerstam
POLICY FORUM
Stationarity Is Dead: Whither Water Management? 573
P. C. D. Milly et al.
NEWS FOCUS
A Seismic Shift for Stem Cell Research 560
Shinya Yamanaka: Modest Researcher, Results to Brag About
Nuclear Transfer: Still on the Table
Scientists Hope to Adjust the President’s Vision 564
for Space
Getting Up to Speed on Space
The Big Thaw Reaches Mongolia’s Pristine North 567
PERSPECTIVES
Sweet, Hairy, Soft, and Slippery 575
S. Lee and N. D. Spencer
The Toll of Cathepsin K Deficiency 576
A. M. Krieg and G. B. Lipford
>> Report p. 624
Glass Surfaces Not So Glassy 577
J. R. Dutcher and M. D. Ediger
>> Report p. 600
The Art of Assembly 578
F. Szoka
>> Report p. 627
Nanowires in Nanoelectronics 579
D. K. Ferry
Food Security Under Climate Change 580
M. E. Brown and C. C. Funk
>> Report p. 607
579
560
CONTENTS continued >>
www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 319 1 FEBRUARY 2008
537
Published by AAAS
Volume 319, Issue 5863
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CONTENTS
SCIENCE EXPRESS
www.sciencexpress.org
GENETICS
High-Resolution Mapping of Crossovers Reveals Extensive Variation
in Fine-Scale Recombination Patterns Among Humans
G. Coop, X. Wen, C. Ober, J. K. Pritchard, M. Przeworski
High-density genotyping of individuals from 82 families shows unexpected variation
in the number of meiotic crossovers and in the relative activity of recombination
hotspots.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Human-Induced Changes in the Hydrology of the Western United States
T. P. Barnett et al.
Combining a regional hydrologic and global climate model implies that
human-caused CO 2 emissions have already greatly changed river flows and
snow pack in the western United States.
10.1126/science.1151851
10.1126/science.1152538
ASTROPHYSICS
Asphericity in Supernova Explosions from Late-Time Spectroscopy
K. Maeda et al.
Spectroscopic signatures show that supernova explosions of stars that have lost their
hydrogen envelopes are strongly aspherical and may be jetlike.
10.1126/science.1149437
GENETICS
Sequence Variants in the RNF212 Gene Associate with Genomewide
Recombination Rate
A. Kong et al.
A variant of a human gene associated with high rates of recombination in males and
low rates in females is an ortholog of a nematode gene essential for recombination.
10.1126/science.1152422
TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS
OCEANS
Comment on “Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO 2 570
Sink Due to Recent Climate Change”
R. M. Law, R. J. Matear, R. J. Francey
full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/570a
Comment on “Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO 2
Sink Due to Recent Climate Change”
K. Zickfeld, J. C. Fyfe, M. Eby, A. J. Weaver
full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/570b
Response to Comments on “Saturation of the Southern
Ocean CO 2 Sink Due to Recent Climate Change”
C. Le Quéré et al.
full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/570c
BREVIA
EVOLUTION
Languages Evolve in Punctuational Bursts 588
Q. D. Atkinson et al.
A study of Bantu, Indo-European, Austronesian, and Polynesian
languages shows that up to one-third of their words arose in rapid
evolutionary bursts from the predecessor tongue.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
GENETICS
Widespread Genetic Incompatibility in C. elegans 589
Maintained by Balancing Selection
H. S. Seidel, M. V. Rockman, L. Kruglyak
Strong natural selection is maintaining multiple alleles of a gene in
wild populations of the nematode C. elegans , despite their negative
effect on fitness.
REVIEW
CHEMISTRY
Insights into Phases of Liquid Water from Study of 582
Its Unusual Glass-Forming Properties
C. A. Angell
REPORTS
CHEMISTRY
Single-Molecule Cut-and-Paste Surface Assembly 594
S. K. Kufer et al.
An atomic force microscope tip derivatized with DNA can pick up
and assemble large molecules bearing DNA handles into specific
patterns on a surface in aqueous solution.
>> News story p. 558
PHYSICS
Electronic Liquid Crystal State in the 597
High-Temperature Superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.45
V. Hinkov et al.
Neutron-scattering measurements suggest that ordering of
fluctuating electron spins explains the liquid crystal phases
recently seen in some correlated electron systems.
594
CONTENTS continued >>
www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 319 1 FEBRUARY 2008
539
Published by AAAS
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CONTENTS
REPORTS CONTINUED...
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Measuring the Surface Dynamics of Glassy Polymers 600
Z. Fakhraai and J. A. Forrest
Removal of gold nanospheres dimpling the surface of a polymer film
reveals that polymer chains near the surface relax more rapidly than
the bulk.
>> Perspective p. 577
GEOCHEMISTRY
Abiogenic Hydrocarbon Production at Lost City 604
Hydrothermal Field
G. Proskurowski et al.
The abundance of hydrocarbons and isotopic data imply that
hydrocarbons are produced chemically from mantle carbon
at a cool Atlantic Ocean hydrothermal system.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation Needs for 607
Food Security in 2030
D. B. Lobell et al.
Analysis of 12 food-insecure regions for vulnerability to crop failure
from climate change indicates that those in southern Africa and
south Asia are in particular need of attention.
>> Perspective p. 580
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Oocyte-Specific Deletion of Pten Causes Premature 611
Activation of the Primordial Follicle Pool
P. Reddy et al.
In mice, a tumor suppressor commonly mutated in human cancers
prevents premature activation of ovarian follicles, allowing them to
form oocytes throughout life.
>> News story p. 558
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
The Maternal Nucleolus Is Essential for Early 613
Embryonic Development in Mammals
S. Ogushi et al.
After fertilization or somatic cell nuclear transfer, the oocyte’s
nucleolus but not the sperm’s is essential for subsequent development.
MEDICINE
Profiling Essential Genes in Human Mammary Cells 617
by Multiplex RNAi Screening
J. M. Silva et al.
Cancer Proliferation Gene Discovery Through 620
Functional Genomics
M. R. Schlabach et al.
Systematic inhibition of gene expression with RNA interference
screening reveals genes essential for growth and survival of tumor
cells, potentially leading to new cancer drugs.
IMMUNOLOGY
Cathepsin K–Dependent Toll-Like Receptor 9 624
Signaling Revealed in Experimental Arthritis
M. Asagiri et al.
A lyosomal enzyme normally associated with osteoclasts of the bone
has further function in signaling through an innate receptor in
immune cells.
>> Perspective p. 576
IMMUNOLOGY
Systemic Leukocyte-Directed siRNA Delivery 627
Revealing Cyclin D1 as an Anti-Inflammatory Target
D. Peer, E. J. Park, Y. Morishita, C. V. Carman, M. Shimaoka
Small RNAs are packaged in lipid nanoparticles with antibodies
that direct them to specific gut immune cells, where they suppress
inflammation by inhibiting a cell-cycle protein.
>> Perspective p. 578
BIOCHEMISTRY
Direct Observation of Hierarchical Folding in 630
Single Riboswitch Aptamers
W. J. Greenleaf et al.
Optical trapping reveals that activation by adenine stabilizes the
weakest helix in a riboswitch, after which secondary and tertiary
structures are formed sequentially.
613
SCIENCE (ISSN 0036-8075) is published weekly on Friday, except the last week in December, by the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Periodicals Mail postage (publication No.
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CONTENTS continued >>
www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 319 1 FEBRUARY 2008
541
Published by AAAS
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ONLINE
Second hand?
SCIENCE NOW
www.sciencenow.org DAILY NEWS COVERAGE
ToolUseIs JustaTrickoftheMind
Primate brains learn how to use pliers and other implements
by treating them as part of the body.
Solving the Carbon-14 Mystery
Physicists figure out why the anthropological dating tool
decays so slowly.
The Ocean’s Biological Deserts Are Expanding
Global warming may be driving an enlargement of the sea’s
least productive regions.
Making connections through collaboration.
SCIENCE CAREERS
www.sciencecareers.org CAREER RESOURCES FOR SCIENTISTS
Maximizing Productivity and Recognition, Part 2:
Collaboration and Networking
S. Pfirman, P. Balsam, R. E. Bell, J. D. Laird, P. Culligan
Collaboration and networking help make connections that can
advance both science and your career.
What’s Ahead for Early-Career Scientists?
B. L. Benderly
A comprehensive examination finds opportunities in the U.S.
brighter in industry than in academia.
Learning to Manage
H. Franzen
A workshop series in Germany teaches management skills
to young scientists before they need them.
February 2008 Funding News
J. Fernández
Learn about the latest in research funding opportunities,
scholarships, fellowships, and internships.
Suppression of
translation by FMRP.
SCIENCE SIGNALING
www.stke.org THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT
C
PERSPECTIVE: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein—Partners in
Translational Regulation at the Synapse
J. A. Ronesi and K. M. Huber
On the road to protein synthesis–dependent plasticity, FMRP is the
brake and mGluRs are the gas.
EVENTS
Plan to attend a meeting related to cell signaling.
SCIENCE PODCAST
T
Download the 1 February
Science Podcast to hear about
how languages evolve in bursts,
human-induced changes in
U.S. hydrology, the latest on
stem cells, and more.
www.sciencemag.org/about/podcast.dtl
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www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 319 1 FEBRUARY 2008 543
Published by AAAS
www.sciencemag.org
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