Technically Speaking.pdf

TECHNICALLY SPEAKING

WHY ALL AMERICANS NEED TO KNOW MORE

ABOUT TECHNOLOGY

WHY ALL AMERICANS NEED TO KNOW MORE

ABOUT TECHNOLOGY

Committee on Technological Literacy

National Academy of Engineering

National Research Council

Greg Pearson and A. Thomas Young, Editors

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS

Washington, D.C.

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the

National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of

Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the

committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for

appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Grant No. ESI-9814135 between the National Academy of Sciences

and the National Science Foundation. Additional support for the project was provided by Battelle

Memorial Institute. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this

publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or

agencies that provided support for the project.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Technically speaking : why all Americans need to know more about

technology / Greg Pearson and A. Thomas Young, editors.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-309-08262-5

1. Technology—Study and teaching—United States. I. Pearson, Greg.

II. Young, A. Thomas. III. National Research Council (U.S.)

T73 .T37 2002

607.1’073—dc21

2001008623

Copies of this report are available from National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.,

Lockbox 285, Washington, D.C. 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington

metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu

Printed in the United States of America

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society

of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to

the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.

Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy

has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and

technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of

Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of

the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers.

It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with

the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal govern-

ment. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs

aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes

the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National

Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of

Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the

examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts

under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congres-

sional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative,

to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is

president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences

in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s

purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning

in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has

become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and

the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the

public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered

jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and

Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National

Research Council.

Committee on Technological Literacy

A. THOMAS YOUNG, Chair , Lockheed Martin Corporation

(retired), North Potomac, Maryland

PAUL ALLAN, Pacific Science Center, Seattle, Washington

WILLIAM ANDERS, General Dynamics Co. (retired), Deer Harbor,

Washington

TAFT H. BROOME, JR., Howard University, Washington, D.C.

JONATHAN R. COLE, Columbia University, New York, New York

RODNEY L. CUSTER, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois

GOÉRY DELACÔTE, The Exploratorium, San Francisco, California

DENICE DENTON, University of Washington, Seattle

PAUL DE VORE, PWD Associates, Morgantown, West Virginia

KAREN FALKENBERG, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

SHELAGH A. GALLAGHER, University of North Carolina,

Charlotte

JOYCE GARDELLA, Gardella & Associates, Watertown,

Massachusetts

DAVID T. HARRISON, Seminole Community College, Sanford,

Florida

PAUL HOFFMAN, Writer and Consultant, Woodstock, New York

JONDEL (J.D.) HOYE, Keep the Change, Inc., Aptos, California

THOMAS P. HUGHES, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

MAE JEMISON, Jemison Group, Inc., Houston, Texas

F. JAMES RUTHERFORD, American Association for the

Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C.

KATHRYN C. THORNTON, University of Virginia, Charlottesville

ROBERT TINKER, Concord Consortium, Concord, Massachusetts

Project Staff

GREG PEARSON, Study Director and Program Officer, National

Academy of Engineering (NAE)

JAY LABOV, Deputy Director, Center for Education, National

Research Council

KATHARINE GRAMLING, Research Assistant, NAE (September

2000 to project end)

MATTHEW CAIA, Senior Project Assistant, NAE (June 2001 to

project end)

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: