Galaxy Formation II Edition - Springer.pdf - Astronomy & Universe Related Books collection - jaknamalowana

ASTRONOMY AND

ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY

Series Editors:

G. Börner, Garching, Germany

A. Burkert, München, Germany

W. B. Burton, Charlottesville, VA, USA and

Leiden, The Netherlands

M. A. Dopita, Canberra, Australia

A. Eckart, Köln, Germany

T. Encrenaz, Meudon, France

E. K. Grebel, Heidelberg, Germany

B. Leibundgut, Garching, Germany

J. Lequeux, Paris, France

A. Maeder, Sauverny, Switzerland

V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA

Malcolm S. Longair

Galaxy Formation

Second Edition

With 202 Figures and 20 Tables

123

Malcolm S. Longair

Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy

Cavendish Laboratory

J. J. Thomson Avenue

Cambridge CH3 0HE

England, UK

e-mail: msl1000@cam.ac.uk

Cover image: Galaxies NGC 2207 and IC 2163. Credit: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI); Hubble

Space Telescope WFPC2; STScI-PRC99-41; Source: http://heritage.stsci.edu/1999/41/index.html

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007935444

ISSN 0941-7834

ISBN 978-3-540-73477-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

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For Deborah, Mark and Sarah

Preface

This is the second edition of my book Galaxy Formation . Many people liked the ﬁrst

edition which appeared in 1998, just before the explosion of magniﬁcent new data

which have completely changed the face of astrophysical cosmology. Many of the

agonies which had to be gone through in the ﬁrst edition have disappeared and, to

many people’s amazement, including mine, there is now a concordance model for

cosmology, the cosmologist’s equivalent of the particle physicist’s standard model .

Just like the standard model, however, the concordance model creates as many

problems as it solves. This is not a cause for concern, but rather one for celebration

because we are now able to ask much better and deeper questions than in the past.

These questions indicate clearly the need for physics and astrophysics ‘Beyond the

Concordance Model’.

The object of this new edition is to bring this amazing story up-to-date, very much

in the spirit of the ﬁrst edition. To recapitulate some of the points made in the previous

preface about the origin of the book, I was asked by Springer-Verlag to expand the set

of lecture notes that I prepared in 1988 for the First Astrophysics School organised

by the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network into a full-length book. The set of

notes was entitled Galaxy Formation and was published as a chapter of the volume

Evolution of Galaxies: Astronomical Observations (eds. I. Appenzeller, H.J. Habing

and P. Lena, pages 1 to 93, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 1989). In that chapter,

I attempted to bridge the gap between elementary cosmology and the technical papers

appearing in the literature which can seem quite daunting on ﬁrst encounter. The

objective was to present the physical ideas and key results as clearly as possible as

an introduction and guide to the technical literature.

In 1993, more lecture notes on The Physics of Background Radiation were

prepared for the 23rd Advanced Course of the Swiss Society of Astrophysics

and Astronomy, the topic being The Deep Universe (A.R. Sandage, R.G. Kron

and M.S. Longair, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 1995). Then, also in 1993,

I completed a history of twentieth century astrophysics and cosmology, which was

published as Chap. 23 of a three-volume work entitled Twentieth Century Physics

(eds. L.M. Brown, A. Pais and A.B. Pippard, IOP Publications, AIP Press Bris-

tol, and New York 1995). A much enlarged full-length book on this topic entitled

The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology was published by

Cambridge University Press in 2006. That book brought the story of the origin of

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