Composite Bridge Design for Small and Medium Spans – Design Guide.pdf

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Register of Illustration
ECSC Steel RTD Programme
project carried out with a financial grant of the
European Coal and Steel Community
Composite Bridge Design
for Small and Medium Spans
Design Guide
with standard solutions documented in drawings and static analysis
Contract Number:
7210-PR/113
Contractors:
Institute of Steel Construction, RWTH Aachen (D) – Co-ordinator
Centre Technique Industrielle de Construction Metallique, Paris (F)
Division of Steel Structures, Luleå University of Technology (S)
Service Ponts et Carpentes, Université de Liège (B)
Institute for Steel and Composite Structures, BUGH Wuppertal (D)
ProfilARBED-Recherches, Esch-sur-Alzette (L)
Commencement Date:
01.07.1998
Completion Date:
31.12.2001
2002
Design Guide
Composite bridge design for small and medium spans
Page 3
2.1
2.1.1
ECSC-Project: Composite bridge design for small and medium spans ...................................................2-2
2.1.2
Documents ...............................................................................................................................................2-4
2.2
2.2.1
Assumptions.............................................................................................................................................2-4
2.2.2
Standards..................................................................................................................................................2-4
2.3
2.3.1
Static system ............................................................................................................................................2-5
2.3.2
Steel construction.....................................................................................................................................2-8
2.3.3
Shear connectors ......................................................................................................................................2-9
2.3.4
Slab ..........................................................................................................................................................2-9
2.3.5
Prefabricated elements .............................................................................................................................2-9
2.3.6
Cross girder and End-cross girder..........................................................................................................2-11
2.4
2.4.1
Simple bridge with end supports pinned ................................................................................................2-13
2.4.2
Simple bridge with end supports clamped .............................................................................................2-16
2.4.3
Two-span bridge with end supports and the middle support pinned......................................................2-19
2.4.4
Two-span bridge with end supports clamped and the middle support pinned .......................................2-22
4.1
4.1.1
Abutments with expansion joints ...........................................................................................................4-28
4.1.2
Abutments without expansion joints......................................................................................................4-28
4.1.3
Prefabricated foundations ......................................................................................................................4-29
4.1.4
Integral abutments..................................................................................................................................4-30
4.2
4.2.1
Hybrid girder..........................................................................................................................................4-32
4.2.2
Studs as shear connectors.......................................................................................................................4-39
4.2.3
Dismountable shear connectors .............................................................................................................4-40
4.2.4
Bolted Connections of Girders in Span..................................................................................................4-43
4.2.5
Shear resistance of the girders ...............................................................................................................4-50
4.2.6
Lateral torsional buckling of the beams in service.................................................................................4-50
4.2.7
Detailing of the cross beams or cross braces .........................................................................................4-57
4.3
4.3.1
Joints in fully prefabricated slabs...........................................................................................................4-59
4.3.2
Concrete technology for prefabricated slabs and in situ concrete..........................................................4-61
4.3.3
Creep and shrinkage effects ...................................................................................................................4-66
4.3.4
Cracking of the joints and of the slabs ...................................................................................................4-67
4.3.5
Vibration of bridges ...............................................................................................................................4-67
4.4
4.4.1
Connection always in negative moment area.........................................................................................4-68
4.4.2
Connection in alternating moment area .................................................................................................4-68
Design Guide
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Design Guide
Composite bridge design for small and medium spans
Page 4
4.4.3
Static design ...........................................................................................................................................4-69
4.4.4
Fatigue design [EC 3.1.1 – 6.2] .............................................................................................................4-71
4.4.5
Example .................................................................................................................................................4-71
4.4.6
Recommendations..................................................................................................................................4-73
4.5
4.5.1
Girder Type Composite Bridges ............................................................................................................4-75
4.5.2
Prestressed Composite Girders ..............................................................................................................4-84
4.5.3
Lateral torsional buckling of the beams during erection ........................................................................4-86
5.1
5.1.1
Static System..........................................................................................................................................5-89
5.1.2
Concrete Plate ........................................................................................................................................5-89
5.1.3
Hybrid Girder (inner beam) ...................................................................................................................5-90
5.1.4
Hybrid Girder (outer beam) ...................................................................................................................5-90
5.1.5
Shear Connectors ...................................................................................................................................5-91
5.1.6
Loads on the Structure ...........................................................................................................................5-91
5.1.7
Settings for the Calculation....................................................................................................................5-93
5.1.8
Design ..................................................................................................................................................5-105
5.1.9
Results of the Calculation (outer beam)...............................................................................................5-107
5.1.10
Design ..................................................................................................................................................5-110
5.2
5.2.1
Static System........................................................................................................................................5-112
5.2.2
Concrete Plate ......................................................................................................................................5-112
5.2.3
Girder in S 355.....................................................................................................................................5-113
5.2.4
Shear Connectors .................................................................................................................................5-113
5.2.5
Loads on the Structure .........................................................................................................................5-114
5.2.6
Settings for the Calculation..................................................................................................................5-115
5.2.7
Results of the Calculation ....................................................................................................................5-115
5.2.8
Design ..................................................................................................................................................5-124
B.1
B.2
B.2.1
Simple bridge using fully prefabricated elements (Drawing 1) .................................................................. 7
B.2.2
Simple bridge using fully prefabricated elements (Drawing 2) .................................................................. 9
Design Guide
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Design Guide
Composite bridge design for small and medium spans
Page 5
R EGISTER OF I LLUSTRATION
F IGURE 4-4: C ROSS SECTION OF A BRIDGE WITH INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS . E IGHT X- SHAPED STEEL PILES
F IGURE 4-5: E LEVATION OF THE BRIDGE SHOWN IN F IGURE 3-5, WHERE THE STEEL PILES ARE POSITIONED IN A
F IGURE 4-11: R EDUCTION FACTOR
ζ .
..........................................................................4-52
. ...............................................................................................................4-54
F IGURE 4-26: S CALED MODEL OF FULLY PREFABRICATED CONCRETE ELEMENTS , SHOWING THE OVERLAPPING
β
Design Guide
P IN CASE OF PARTIALLY OR TOTALLY PREFABRICATED SLABS .............................4-40
F IGURE 4-20: D EFINITION OF SYSTEM AND NOTATIONS . S IS THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF THE STRUCTURAL STEEL
F IGURE 4-21: D EFINITION OF ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS C
κ
F IGURE 4-22: E FFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR
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