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Encyclopedia of Chemistry
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
chemistry
don rittner
and
ronald A. Bailey, P h .D.
 
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To Nancy, Christopher, Kevin, Jackson, Jennifer, and Jason
Encyclopedia of Chemistry
Copyright © 2005 by Don Rittner
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information stor-
age or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rittner, Don.
Encyclopedia of chemistry / Don Rittner and Ronald A. Bailey.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-4894-0
1. Chemistry—Encyclopedias. I. Bailey, R. A. (Ronald Albert), 1933 –
II. Title.
QD4.R57 2005
540′.3—dc22 2004011242
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for busi-
nesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in
New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com.
Text design by Joan M. Toro
Cover design by Cathy Rincon
Illustrations by Richard Garratt
Printed in the United States of America
VBHrme10987654321
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
 
C ONTENTS
Acknowledgments
v
Preface
vii
Introduction
ix
A-to-Z Entries
1
Feature Essays:
“The Power of Chemistry: Natural versus
Synthetic Compounds”
by Theresa Beaty, Ph.D.
57
“What a Crime Lab Does, It Does with Chemistry”
by Harry K. Garber
81
“Molecular Modeling”
by Karl F. Moschner, Ph.D.
183
“The Role of Chemistry”
by Karl F. Moschner, Ph.D.
248
Appendixes:
Appendix I
Bibliography
289
 
Appendix II
Chemistry-Related Web Sites
311
Appendix III
Chemistry Software Sources
313
Appendix IV
Nobel Laureates Relating to Chemistry
315
Appendix V
Periodic Table of Elements
321
Appendix VI
Chemical Reaction Types
323
Appendix VII
Metals and Alloys
325
Index
326
 

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