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Database Design Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams

by Sikha Bagui and Richard Earp

ISBN:0849315484

With this comprehensive guide, database designers and

developers can quickly learn all the ins and outs of E-R

diagramming to become expert database designers.

Table of Contents Back Cover Comments

Table of Contents

Database Design Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1 - The Software Engineering Process and Relational Databases

Chapter 2 - The Basic ER Diagram—A Data Modeling Schema

Chapter 3 - Beyond the First Entity Diagram

Chapter 4 - Extending Relationships/Structural Constraints

Chapter 5 -The Weak Entity

Chapter 6 - Further Extensions for ER Diagrams with Binary Relationships

Chapter 7 - Ternary and Higher-Order ER Diagrams

Chapter 8 - Generalizations and Specializations

Chapter 9 - Relational Mapping and Reverse-Engineering ER Diagrams

Chapter 10 - A Brief Overview of the Barker/Oracle-Like Model

Glossary

Index

List of Figures

List of Examples

Database Design Using Entity-

Relationship Diagrams

Sikha Bagui

Richard Earp

AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS

A CRC Press Company

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bagui, Sikha, 1964-

Database design using entity-relationship diagrams / Sikha Bagui, Richard

Earp.

p. cm. – (Foundation of database design ; 1)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

0849315484

(alk. paper)

1. Database design. 2. Relational databases. I. Earp, Richard, 1940-II. Title.

III. Series.

QA76.9.D26B35 2003

005.74–dc21 2003041804

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded

sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are

indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have

been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the

publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for

the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval

system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general

distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific

permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such

copying.

Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca

Raton, Florida 33431.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or

registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation,

without intent to infringe.

Visit the Auerbach Web site at http://www.auerbach-publications.com

Auerbach is an imprint of CRC Press LLC

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1548-4

Library of Congress Card Number 2003041804

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Dedication

Dedicated to my father, Santosh Saha, and mother, Ranu Saha

and

my husband, Subhash Bagui

and

my sons, Sumon and Sudip

and

Pradeep and Priyashi Saha

S.B.

To my wife, Brenda,

and

my children: Beryl, Rich, Gen, and Mary Jo

R.E.

Preface

Data modeling and database design have undergone significant evolution in

recent years. Today, the relational data model and the relational database

system dominate business applications. The relational model has allowed

the database designer to focus on the logical and physical characteristics of

a database separately. This book concentrates on techniques for database

design, with a very strong bias for relational database systems, using the ER

(Entity Relationships) approach for conceptual modeling (solely a logical

implementation).

Intended Audience

This book is intended to be used by database practitioners and students for

data modeling. It is also intended to be used as a supplemental text in

database courses, systems analysis and design courses, and other courses

that design and implement databases. Many present-day database and

systems analysis and design books limit their coverage of data modeling.

This book not only increases the exposure to data modeling concepts, but

also presents a detailed, step-by-step approach to designing an ER diagram

and developing the relational database from it.

Book Highlights

This book focuses on presenting: (1) an ER design methodology for

developing an ER diagram; (2) a grammar for the ER diagrams that can be

presented back to the user; and (3) mapping rules to map the ER diagram

to a relational database. The steps for the ER design methodology, the

grammar for the ER diagrams, as well as the mapping rules are developed

and presented in a systematic, step-by-step manner throughout the book.

Also, several examples of "sample data" have been included with relational

database mappings — all to give a "realistic" feeling.

This book is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter gives the reader

some background by introducing some relational database concepts such as

functional dependencies and database normalization. The ER design

method-ology and mapping rules are presented, starting in Chapter 2 .

Chapter 2 introduces the concepts of the entity, attributes, relationships, and

the "one-entity" ER diagram. Steps 1, 2, and 3 of the ER Design

Methodology are developed. The "one-entity" grammar and mapping rules

for the" one-entity" diagram are presented.

Chapter 3 extends the one-entity diagram to include a second entity. The

concept of testing attributes for entities is discussed and relationships

between the entities are developed. Steps 3a, 3b, 4, 5, and 6 of the ER

design methodology are developed, and grammar for the ER diagrams

developed upto this point is presented.

Chapter 4 discusses structural constraints in relationships. Several examples

are given of 1:1, 1:M, and M:N relationships. Step 6 of the ER design

methodology is revised and step 7 is developed. A grammar for the

structural constraints and the mapping rules is also presented.

Chapter 5 develops the concept of the weak entity. This chapter revisits and

revises steps 3 and 4 of the ER design methodology to include the weak

entity. Again, a grammar and the mapping rules for the weak entity are

presented.

Chapter 6 discusses and extends different aspects of binary relationshipsin

ER diagrams. This chapter revises step 5 to include the concept of more

than one relationship, and revises step 6(b) to include derived and redundant

relationships. The concept of the recursive relationship is introduced in this

chapter. The grammar and mapping rules for recursive relationships are

presented.

Chapter 7 discusses ternary and other "higher-order" relationships. Step 6 of

the ER design methodology is again revised to include ternary and other,

higher-order relationships. Several examples are given, and the grammar

and mapping rules are developed and presented.

Chapter 8 discusses generalizations and specializations. Once again, step 6

of the ER design methodology is modified to include generalizations and

specializations, and the grammar and mapping rules for generalizations and

specializations are presented.

Chapter 9 provides a summary of the mapping rules and reverse-

engineering from a relational database to an ER diagram.

Chapters 2 through 9 present ER diagrams using a Chen-like model.

Chapter 10 discusses the Barker/Oracle-like models, highlighting the main

similarities and differences between the Chen-like model and the

Barker/Oracle-like model.

Every chapter presents several examples. "Checkpoint" sections within the

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