Jeremy Harmer_The_Practice_of_English_Language_Teaching.pdf

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THE PRACTICE OF
LANGUAGE
TEACHING
Jeremy
Harmer
Longman
THIRD EDITION
COMPLETELY REVISED AND UPDATED
ENGLISH
LONGMAN
The Practice of English Language Teaching has become the
essential guide for teachers of English. This third edition has
j
GRAMMAR
of SPOKEN
been completely rewritten and updated to combine the best
of tfaditional approaches with the latest developments in
language teaching theory and methodology.
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tj * •
The Practice of English Language Teaching offers:
• a comprehensive and up-to-date account of theories of
language and of language teaching
LONGMAN
DICTIONARY OF
CONTEMPORARY
ENGLISH
fo-Wiatte**. ccruŁ
S poke*\- E fi#bjJ\
• a wide rangę of practical teaching ideas, example lessons,
and samples from cui rent teaching materials
• a review of current issues, such as: computers and the
Internet in language learning; Lexical, Task-based, and
Humanistic approaches to teaching; the study of spoken,
as well as written, grammar; the cultural implications of
different methodologies
OMHuiwyi
• tł.OM .poł.n
• new ideas in: the promotion of student autonomy; teacher
development; the teaching of grammar and vocabulary;
pronunciation and communicative skills teaching; the use
of video in class; choosing and using coursebooks; lesson
planning; the testing and evaluation of students
LONGMAN
PRONUNCIATION
DICTIONARY
• sociological and psychological perspectives on language
and language learning
4
• follow-up tasks for each chapter
i
L—
y
A
MEW
•
Readers may wish to consult
the above publications
Jeremy Harmer
| C Wells
Edition
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THE PRACTICE OF
ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
/TEACHING\
THIRD EDITION
COMPLETELY REVISED AND UPDATED
Jeremy Harmer
Contents
page
Preface
ix
Acknowledgements
xi
PART 1: LANGUAGE
CHAPTER1: THE WORLD OF ENGLISH
A
The place of English
1
Al
The numbers game
1
A2
How English got there
2
A3
Where English
fits
4
A4
The futurę of English
5
B
Varieties of English
6
BI
Threecircles
6
B2
Appropriate models of English
8
B3
General and specific
9
CHAPTER 2: DESCRIBING LANGUAGE
A
Grammar
12
Al
Spoken and written grammar
13
A2
Problems with grammar rules
15
B
Vocabulary
16
BI
Language corpora
16
B2
Word meaning
18
B3
Extending word use
19
B4
Word combinations
20
B5
The grammar of words
21
C
Language in use
23
Cl
Purpose
23
C2
Appropriacy
24
C3
Language as discourse
25
C4
Genre
27
D
The sounds of the language
28
DI
Pitch
28
D2
Intonation
28
D3
Individual sounds
29
D4
Sounds and spelling
31
D5
Stress
32
E
Paralinguistic features of language
33
El
Vocal paralinguistic features
33
E2
Physical paralinguistic features
33
PART 2: LEARNERS AND TEACHERS
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIBING LEARNERS
' "
A
Age
37
Al
Young children
38
A2
Adolescents
38
A3
Adult learners
40
B
Learner differences
41
BI
Aptitude
41
B2
Good learner characteristics
41
B3
Learner styles
42
B4
Language levels
44
B5
Individual variations
45
B6
What to do about individual differences
48
C
Motivation
51
Cl
Defining motivation
51
C2
Sources of motivation
51
C3
lnitiating and sustaining motivation
52
CHAPTER 4: DESCRIBING TEACHERS
A
What is a teacher?
56
Al
Teachers and learners
56
B
The rolesof a teacher
57
BI
Controller
58
B2
Organiser
58
B3
Assessor
59
B4
Prompter
60
B5
Participant
60
B6
Resource
61
B7
Tutor
62
B8
Observer
62
B9
Which role?
63
C
The teacher as performer
63
D
The teacher as teaching aid
64
Dl
Mime and gesture
64
D2
Language model
65
D3
Provider of comprehensible input
i*-! 66
ii

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