guide to dns and w2k.pdf

TECHNICAL REFERENCE

Windows

and

2000

Sean Daily

Gary C. Kessler

Robert McIntosh

Mark Minasi

John Savill

Tao Zhou

DNS

Windows & .Net Magazine Technical Reference

A Guide to DNS and Windows 2000

By Mark Minasi, Gary C. Kessler, Robert McIntosh,

Sean Daily, Tao Zhou, and John Savill

A Division of Penton Media

Windows & .NET Magazine

in any form by an electronic or mechanical means (including

photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval)

without permission in writing from the publisher.

It is the reader’s responsibility to ensure procedures and

techniques used from this book are accurate and appropriate

for the user’s installation. No warranty is implied or expressed.

ISBN 1-58304-504-X

iii

About the Authors

Mark Minasi (http://www.minasi.com/gethelp) is a contributing editor for Windows IT Pro , an

MCSE, and the author of Mastering Windows 2000 Server, 4th Edition (Sybex) .

He writes and speaks around the world about Win2K and Windows NT networking.

Gary C. Kessler (kumquat@sover.net) is a consultant and the program coordinator of the net-

working major at Champlain College in Burlington, Vermont.

Robert McIntosh (rmcintosh@covenantsolutions.com) is a consultant and trainer who teaches

about Microsoft and security technologies and is the founder of Covenant Solutions. He is an MCT,

an MCSE, and an ISS-certified instructor.

Sean Daily (sdaily@winnetmag.com) is a senior contributing editor for Windows IT Pro and the

CEO of Realtimepublishers.com. His most recent books are The Definitive Guide series

(http://www.realtimepublishers.com).

Tao Zhou (tao@winnetmag.com) is a contributing editor for Windows IT Pro and an Internet

services engineer for a networking company with headquarters in New Jersey. He is an MCSE, a

Master CNE, and holds a master’s degree in computer science.

John Savill (john@savilltech.com) is a qualified consultant in England and an MCSE. He is the

author of The Windows NT and Windows 2000 Answer Book (Addison Wesley), and manages the

Windows 2000 FAQ Web site (http://www.windows2000FAQ.com).

A Division of Penton Media

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1: A DNS Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

DNS Names and Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Registering a Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Meeting the New Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Using the Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Zones vs. Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Locating Mail Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Primary and Secondary DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

DNS and Windows 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Microsoft’s DNS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

In Your Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Chapter 2: How DNS Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Obtaining Names and Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

IP Addressing in the Modern Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Sidebar: Subnetting and Variable-Length Subnet Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Registering Domain Names in the Internet’s Commercial Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

DNS Internals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Tools to Examine DNS and Domain Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Chapter 3: Win2K DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

The Workings of WINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

The Differences in DDNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Chapter 4: DNS and Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Choosing a DNS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Sidebar: DNS Zone Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Using Caching-Only Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Centralizing Cache with Forwarders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Using Split-Brain DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Using Slave Servers to Protect Intranet Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Fitting into an Existing DNS Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Uprooting DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

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