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Database Administration
(Oracle) with SAPDBA
Release 4.6B
™
Database Administration (Oracle) with SAPDBA
SAP AG
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2
December 1999
SAP AG
Database Administration (Oracle) with SAPDBA
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Database Administration (Oracle) with SAPDBA
SAP AG
Contents
D
atabase Administration (Oracle) with SAPDBA ...........................................15
New Features in SAP R/3 Release 4.0 ....................................................................................... 16
New Features in SAP R/3 Release 4.5 ....................................................................................... 18
SAPDBA........................................................................................................................................ 19
BRBACKUP, BRARCHIVE and BRRESTORE............................................................................ 20
New Features in SAP R/3 Release 4.6 ....................................................................................... 21
Sources of Information for the Database Administrator ......................................................... 23
Computing Center Management System .................................................................................. 24
R/3 Tables in the ABAP Dictionary ............................................................................................ 25
Database Utility............................................................................................................................ 26
SAPNet.......................................................................................................................................... 27
EarlyWatch Service ..................................................................................................................... 28
Setting Up the Database System ............................................................................................... 29
SAPDBA: Archive mode.............................................................................................................. 31
ARCHIVELOG Mode .................................................................................................................... 33
Archiving Parameters.................................................................................................................. 34
Mirroring the Control File............................................................................................................ 36
Mirroring Online Redo Log Files ................................................................................................ 37
Organizing Disk Storage ............................................................................................................. 38
Database Parameters .................................................................................................................. 39
Tablespaces and SAP Naming Conventions ............................................................................ 41
Using SAPDBA............................................................................................................................. 43
Configuring SAPDBA .................................................................................................................. 44
Environment Variables (UNIX) ................................................................................................. 45
Directory Structure (Unix) ......................................................................................................... 47
Configuring the Display Length ................................................................................................ 48
Configuring the UNIX Command at.......................................................................................... 49
Setting the Log Checks Option................................................................................................. 50
Users and Roles ....................................................................................................................... 51
Database Users................................................................................................................... 54
UNIX User Configurations ................................................................................................... 56
SAPDBA: Expert Mode.............................................................................................................60
Defining the Password ........................................................................................................ 62
Restricted Session.................................................................................................................... 63
SAPDBA and Autoextend......................................................................................................... 64
Starting SAPDBA ......................................................................................................................... 65
SAPDBA: Release Information................................................................................................. 68
SAPDBA Command Options ...................................................................................................... 69
-analyze .................................................................................................................................... 70
-check ....................................................................................................................................... 72
-check_db_open ....................................................................................................................... 73
-checkopt .................................................................................................................................. 74
-cleanup .................................................................................................................................... 76
-delete....................................................................................................................................... 77
4
December 1999
SAP AG
Database Administration (Oracle) with SAPDBA
-export....................................................................................................................................... 78
-fill_tables ................................................................................................................................. 79
-next.......................................................................................................................................... 80
-r ............................................................................................................................................... 81
-shutdown(_abort) .................................................................................................................... 82
-startup(_dba) ........................................................................................................................... 83
-version ..................................................................................................................................... 84
Return Codes for SAPDBA Command Options........................................................................ 85
SAPDBA: Initial Menu.................................................................................................................. 86
Displaying and Managing Logs and Profiles ............................................................................ 87
SAPDBA: Show/Cleanup.......................................................................................................... 88
Deleting Log and Trace Files ................................................................................................... 89
Support for the Cost-Based Optimizer ...................................................................................... 91
SAPDBA: DB Optimizer Control............................................................................................... 93
SAPDBA Internal Rules for Determining Statistics .................................................................. 95
Starting up and Shutting down the Database System ............................................................. 97
Status of the Database System ................................................................................................ 98
Starting Up the Database System .......................................................................................... 100
Shutting down the Database System ..................................................................................... 101
Backup Concepts ...................................................................................................................... 103
Logical Backup and Image Backup ......................................................................................... 104
Backup Methods and Backup Frequency ............................................................................... 105
Complete Backups .................................................................................................................... 107
Incremental Backup................................................................................................................... 108
RMAN Backup Strategies....................................................................................................... 110
Incremental Backups After Structural Changes ................................................................ 112
Restoring Incremental Backups with RMAN ..................................................................... 113
Backup Media............................................................................................................................. 114
Tape Devices with Hardware Compression ............................................................................ 115
Software Compression.............................................................................................................. 117
Backup to Multiple Disks .......................................................................................................... 119
Backup to a Remote Disk.......................................................................................................... 120
Backup to a Remote Tape Device ............................................................................................ 123
Two-Phase Backup.................................................................................................................... 124
Online Mode and Offline Mode................................................................................................. 127
Consistent Online Backup ........................................................................................................ 128
Structure-Retaining Database Copy ........................................................................................ 130
Backing up Executable Programs and Other Components of the R/3 System................... 132
Backing Up Data Tablespaces ................................................................................................. 133
Duration of the Backup ............................................................................................................. 134
Parallel Backup .......................................................................................................................... 135
BRBACKUP and BRARCHIVE Backups in One Run .............................................................. 136
Unattended Backup ................................................................................................................... 139
Volume Management................................................................................................................. 142
Volume Initialization................................................................................................................ 143
Volume Label Check .............................................................................................................. 145
Scratch Volumes .................................................................................................................... 146
Volume Expiration Period ....................................................................................................... 147
December 1999
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