Rocket Mass Heaters Superefficient Woodstores You Can Build.pdf

ROCKET MASS HEATERS:

Superefﬁcient Woodstoves

YOU Can Build

The New Updated Version of:

Rocket Stoves to Heat Cob Buildings

Ianto Evans

Leslie Jackson

A Cob Cottage Company Publication

2006, 2007

Table of Contents

What this Book is About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Who this Book is For. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

The Fine Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Cross-section of a Typical Rocket Mass Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Ianto Knows Why Rocket Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Signiﬁcant Features of Rocket Style Heating Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Draft Works the Stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Campﬁres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Woodstoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Rocket Stoves are Different . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Combustion and Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

How Wood Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

The Three T’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

The Thermal Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

How Heat Moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Comfort Through Stored Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Step-by-Step Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Designing Your Stove and Thermal Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

The Combustion Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Directing the Heat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

The Thermal Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Placing the Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sizing Built-in Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Planning the Exit Flue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Materials and Tools You’ll Need. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Bricks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Barrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Stovepipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

High Temperature Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Insulation Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Urbanite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Dimentia and Proportia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Constructing the Combustion Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

A Mock-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Insulation Under the Stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Building the Brickwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Adding Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Setting the Barrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Tips on Laying Brick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Building the Thermal Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Materials for Building a Bench, Couch or Bed . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Lay out Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Connecting Stove to Bench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Locate Clean-outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Sculpt the Thermal Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Feeding and Caring for your Dragon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Light my Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Choice and Use of Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Adding Kindling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Stoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

The Fuel You Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Keep it Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Kindling Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Choosing Firewood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Cooking on the Rocket Stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Fire! Fire! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Burning Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Trouble Shooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Drawbacks of Rocket Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Adaptations and Other Kinds of Rocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

The Rocket Hot Tub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Detroitus and the Pocket Rocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

The Guatemalan Cookstove: Estufa Rocky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

The Bengali Pit Stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Heating Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Coffee Rocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

How to Make a Pocket Rocket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Research Needed and Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Tom & Calleagh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

A Rocket-Fired Wood Kiln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Donkey’s Rocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

The Reinharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Bernhard Masterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Kiko Denzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Flemming Abrahamsson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Resources on Pyromania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Books on Natural Building and Wood Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

About Cob Cottage Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Ianto Evans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Leslie Jackson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Afterword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Thanks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

What this Book is About

Who this Book is For

This little book is about a revolutionary

concept in wood burning stoves that ensures

almost completely clean combustion with

high efﬁciency use of the heat produced.

Rocket Stoves are still experimental in that

only a few hundred were in regular use by

early 2006, but some have performed well,

daily, for more than a decade. They save a lot

of fuel and completely rearrange our concepts

of house heating, of wood burning, and of

dependency on coal, oil, hydro- or nuclear

power for our comfort. Rocket Mass Stoves

can be built at home by relatively unskilled

people. While they are well-suited to earthen

buildings with their thermally massive walls,

ﬂoors and built-in furniture, they can be

built into any kind of structure—from cargo

containers to yurts.

The term Rocket Stove has been used

loosely for about twenty years to mean a

fairly wide range of combustion devices used

for cooking and heating.

Aside from the model described in detail

in this book, Rocket principles have been

variously applied. Larry Jacobs and I came up

with a version using only a metal drum and

two stovepipes, later called the Pocket Rocket

(see Detroitus: The Pocket Rocket ) . Later, in

the late 1980’s, I helped develop a lightweight

concrete single pot cook stove for urban

Guatemalans. More recently, small portable

cook stoves have been developed using tin

cans and simple insulation. Experimental

rocket-ﬁred ovens and water heaters have

also been built.

Perhaps most signiﬁcantly, the Rocket Mass

Stoves used for house heating, which are now

starting to appear all over North America

and Northern Europe, have real promise in

that they improve comfort and reduce the

amount of fuel burned, thereby lessening the

load of CO 2 on greenhouse gases. They turn

almost all the wood into heat, and can store

almost all of the heat generated for optimal

comfort when you need it.

This manual is intended for pyromaniacs,

tinkerers, people with curiosity about ﬁre,

owner-builders, people with an experimental

mind, do-it-yourself builders who want to

be less dependent on the system and have

environmental concerns, and above all, those

who want to be snug at home. The realm of

Rocket Stoves is an experimental one whose

time is overdue. Play and innovation are

highly recommended. As our friend Tom

Frame (see Case Studies, page 80) says, “Don’t

be afraid to try something new or different.

Don’t have the right part? Try something else.

Can’t make a quick phone call for answers?

Trust your own judgment. Just can’t ﬁgure it

out? Wait, be patient. Move on to something

else if you can. The answer will come. Most

importantly, don’t rush this thing! You really

want it to work when you’re done building

it. Take the time needed.”

The model of heating Rocket we describe

suits the Maritime Paciﬁc climate quite

well, but it is not limited to it. Once you

understand the principles of the Rocket Mass

Stove, you’ll be able to modify it to your own

heating needs.

Rocket Stoves’ design is exploratory;

their use is experimental; the attention

they demand may keep you in fascination

or you may ﬁnd their quirks irritating. For

the next edition, we will look forward to

hearing (and learning from) your feedback,

comments, stumbling blocks, epiphanies and

wild fancies. So ﬁre away, so to speak; send

us images and drawings. If we use your

material, we’ll send you two copies of the

new edition.

THE FINE PRINT

Neither Ianto Evans, Leslie Jackson, nor Cob

Cottage Company can be held in any way responsible

for damage, ﬁre or injury arising from the use of this

material. These stoves are experimental and, besides,

we don’t have any assets. So, enjoy to the full your ﬁre

damage and injuries. For some precautions, see Fire!

Fire! (page 58).

The Combustion Unit...

The Rocket Stove in Ianto Evans’s cottage, seen from above. Dry ﬁrewood, cut

thin, the small feed barrel with lid and the large heat riser barrel with tea kettle.

...is connected to the Thermal Battery

Ianto demonstrates the stove’s use.

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