John.Pojeta-and-Dale.Springer_Evolution.and.the.Fossil.Record.pdf

John Pojeta, Jr.

Dale A. Springer

American Geological Institute

The Paleontological Society

About the Authors

John Pojeta, Jr. has been an active paleontologist

since 1957. He is a Scientist Emeritus with the U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) and Research Associate

with the Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian

Institution. He earned his B.S. degree at Capital

University, Bexley, OH, majoring in biology and

chemistry and earned his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees

from the University of Cincinnati, majoring in geol-

ogy and paleontology. In 1963, he joined the USGS,

Branch of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, where he

spent his career. His research has centered on early

Paleozoic mollusks, and has taken him to many

American states, Antarctica, Australia, Canada,

China, Czech Republic, Senegal, Sweden, United

Kingdom, and elsewhere. He has been Secretary and

President of The Paleontological Society; President

of the Paleontological Research Institution; Chief,

Branch of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, USGS;

and a member of the National Academy of Sciences

Committee on Paleontological Collecting.

Dale A. Springer is a

paleontologist and Professor

of Geosciences at Bloomsburg

University in Bloomsburg,PA. She

earned her B.A. degree at Lafayette

College, Easton, PA, her M.S. degree

at the University of Rochester, NY, and

her Ph.D. at Virginia Polytechnic Institute

and State University, Blacksburg. She was a visit-

ing faculty member at Amherst and Smith Colleges

before joining the Bloomsburg faculty in 1985.

Her major research interest lies in understanding the

factors controlling temporal and spatial changes in

fossil and modern marine invertebrate communities.

Dr. Springer has a long standing interest in geo-

science education. She has served as Chairperson of

the Paleontological SocietyÔs Education Committee,

as well as on several committees of the American

Geological Institute.

Trilobite

(Ordovician)

Credits

Front cover Ð Adapted from ÑFossils Through Time,Ò a

U.S. Geological Survey poster and photographic col-

lage of life on Earth over the past 600 million years.

Pages 10-11 Ð SharkÔs tooth, Fossil seed fern, Petrified

wood (G. James)

Inside Cover and title page Ð Ammonite fossil (G. James),

Modern coral reef (J. Pojeta, Jr.), Ferns (Adobe)

Pages 12-13 Ð Hubble image, Earthrise over moon

(NASA), Trilobite (J. Pojeta, photo: G. James)

Page ii-iii Ð Trilobite (M.L. Pojeta, photo: G. James),

Fossils (J. Pojeta, Jr.)

Pages 14-15 Ð Ammonite (G. James), Block diagram

(Springer/De Atley), Stratigraphic ranges table

(modified from Edwards and Pojeta, 1994)

Page iv-v Ð Ammonite, fossil fern (G. James)

Pages 16-17 Ð Half-life diagram (modified from Bushee

and others, 2000), Ordovician limestone and shale

(J. Pojeta)

Page vi Ð Geologic Time Scale (De Atley), Adapted

from various sources

Page 1Ð Ammonite (G. James)

Page 19 Ð Forelimb comparison (modified from Daeschler

and Shubin, 1998)

Pages 2-3 Ð Chesapecten fossils (adapted From Ward

and Blackwelder, 1975 ; Bryce Canyon (M. Miller)

Pages 20-21 Ð Comparison of bird and dinosaur skeletons

and limbs (modified from Ostrom, 1975 and 1994;

Diagram comparing skulls of reptiles to mammals

(modified from Savage and Long, 1986)

Pages 4-5 Ð Trilobite, brachiopod (J. Pojeta, photo:

G. James), Tyranosaurus rex skull (Smithsonian

Institution); Jurassic Dinosaur Footprints (modified

from Haubold, 1971), Devonian and Ordovician

trilobites (adapted from Moore, 1959)

Pages 22-23 Ð Reconstruction of the Ñwalking whale that

swimsÒ (modified from Thewissen and others, 1996),

Sequoia National Park, California (Digital Vision)

Pages 6-7 Ð Charles Darwin (1875 portrait), Silurian and

Devonian fishes (modified from Fenton and Fenton,

1958), Eocene fish fossil (G. James), Jurassic/

Cretaceous fishes (modified from Romer, 1966)

Pages 24-25 Ð Brachiopod (G. James),

Dragonfly and Amphibian Fossils

(Hemera)

Design: De Atley Design

Printing: CLB Printing

American Geological Institute

Alexandria, Virginia

www.agiweb.org

Page 26 Ð Nautilus (G. James)

Pages 8-9 Ð Early Jurassic mammal skeleton (modified

from Jenkins and Parrington,1976), Diversification

diagram (modified from Novacek, 1994)

Back Cover Ð Grand Canyon, Arizona

(Digital Vision)

EVOLUTION AND THE FOSSIL RECORD

ISBN 0-922152-57-8

Acknowledgments

Many persons have helped us as we assembled this report. We gratefully recognize artist Julie De Atley for

the graphic design and illustration, photographer George James, Robert E. Weems (who provided the fossil

footprints), and Julia A. Jackson, Editor. We also extend our sincerest thanks and appreciation to the

following individuals for reviewing the manuscript:

David Applegate

American Geological Institute

Patricia H. Kelley

University of North Carolina,

Wilmington

Kevin Padian

University of California, Berkeley

Mel M. Belsky

Brooklyn College, CUNY

Christopher G. Maples

Indiana University, Bloomington

Kim L. Pojeta

Smithsonian Institution

David J. Bohaska

Smithsonian Institution

Sara Marcus

University of Kansas

Linda Pojeta

Northport, New York

Alan H. Cheetham

Smithsonian Institution

James G. Mead

Smithsonian Institution

Robert W. Purdy

Smithsonian Institution

Daniel Dreyfus

Smithsonian Institution

Marcus E. Milling

American Geological Institute

Vicki Quick and her students

Marshall, VA

J.T. Dutro, Jr.

U.S. Geological Survey

Don Munich

Charlestown, IN

Bruce N. Runnegar

University of California, Los Angeles

Alan Goldstein

Falls of the Ohio State Park,

Clarksville, IN

Charles Naeser

U.S. Geological Survey

Judy Scotchmoor

University of California, Berkeley

Colin D. Sumrall

Cincinnati Museum of Natural

History and Science

Pat Holroyd

University of California, Berkeley

Norman D. Newell

American Museum of Natural History

John Keith

U.S. Geological Survey

William A. Oliver, Jr.

U.S. Geological Survey

Frank C. Whitmore, Jr.

U.S. Geological Survey

The American Geological Institute and The Paleontologial Society thank the following organizations for

supporting the production and distribution of Evolution and the Fossil Record.

Publishing Partners

Supporters

Paleontological Research Institution

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

California Science Teachers Association

University of California Museum of Paleontology

Association for Women Geoscientists

National Association of Geoscience Teachers

SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)

The Society for Organic Petrology

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology

Soil Science Society of America

American Institute of Biological Sciences

Society for the Study of Evolution

Cleveland Museum of Natural History

Denver Museum of Nature and Science

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