Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History Vol.4.pdf

Berkshire Encyclopedia of

World

History

World

History

VOLUME

William H. McNeill

Senior Editor

Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian,

David Levinson, J. R. McNeill,

Heidi Roupp, Judith P. Zinsser

Editors

a berkshire reference work

Great Barrington, Massachusetts U.S.A.

www.berkshireworldhistory.com

Berkshire Encyclopedia of

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval

system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Cover design: Lisa Clark, LKC Design

For information:

Berkshire Publishing Group LLC

314 Main Street

Great Barrington, Massachusetts 01230

www.berkshirepublishing.com

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Berkshire encyclopedia of world history / William H. McNeill, senior editor ; Jerry H. Bentley ...

[et al.] editorial board.

p. cm.

Summary: “A comprehensive encyclopedia of world history with 538 articles that trace the develop-

ment of human history with a focus on area studies, global history, anthropology, geography, science,

arts, literature, economics, women’s studies, African-American studies, and cultural studies related to

all regions of the world”—Provided by publisher.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-9743091-0-9 (alk. paper : v. 1)

1. World history—Encyclopedias. I. McNeill, William Hardy, 1917– II. Bentley, Jerry H., 1949–

III. Christian, David, 1946–

D23.B45 2004

903—dc22

2004021830

Production Staff

Project Director

Karen Christensen

Designers

Lisa Clark and Jeff Potter

Editorial and Production Staff

Karen Advokaat, Rachel Christensen,

Tom Christensen, Emily Colangelo, Sarah Conrick,

Benjamin Kerschberg, Junhee (June) Kim,

Jess LaPointe, David Levinson, Courtney Linehan,

Janet Lowry, Marcy Ross, Gabby Templet

Printers

Thomson-Shore, Inc.

Map Maker

XNR Productions

Photo Researcher

Gabby Templet

Composition Artists

Steve Tiano, Brad Walrod, and Linda Weidemann

Copyeditors

Francesca Forrest, Mike Nichols, Carol Parikh,

Mark Siemens, Daniel Spinella, and Rosalie Wieder

Production Coordinators

Benjamin Kerschberg and Marcy Ross

Proofreaders

Mary Bagg, Sue Boshers, Robin Gold, Libby Larson,

Amina Sharma, and Barbara Spector

Information Management and Programming

Deborah Dillon and Trevor Young

Indexers

Peggy Holloway and Barbara Lutkins

Editorial &

Contents

List of Entries ,ix

Reader’s Guide ,xv

How to Spell It and How to Say It:

100 Important People, Places, and Terms in World History , xxv

Entries

VOLUME I:

Abraham—Coal

VOLUME II:

Cold War—Global Imperialism and Gender

376

VOLUME III:

Global Migrations in Modern Times—Mysticism

844

VOLUME IV:

Napoleon—Sun Yat-sen

1327

VOLUME V:

Tang Taizong—Zoroastrianism

1802

This Fleeting World: An Overview of Human History, TFW–1

CHAPTER ONE : Foraging Era , TFW–2

CHAPTER TWO : Agrarian Era , TFW–15

CHAPTER THREE : Modern Era , TFW–36

Index , 2123

vii

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