P27_029.PDF

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Chapter 27 - 27.29
29. (a) The current i is shown in Fig. 27-22 entering the truncated cone at the left end and leaving at the
right. This is our choice of positive x direction. We make the assumption that the current density
J at each value of x may be found by taking the ratio i/A where A = πr 2 is the cone’s cross-section
area at that particular value of x . The direction of J is identical to that shown in the figure for i
(our + x direction). Using Eq. 27-11, we then find an expression for the electric field at each value
of x , and next find the potential difference V by integrating the field along the x axis, in accordance
with the ideas of Chapter 25. Finally, the resistance of the cone is given by R = V/i .Thus,
J =
πr 2 = E
i
ρ
where we must deduce how r depends on x in order to proceed. We note that the radius increases
linearly with x ,so(with c 1 and c 2 to be determined later) we may write
r = c 1 + c 2 x.
Choosing the origin at the left end of the truncated cone, the coe.cient c 1 is chosen so that r = a
(when x = 0); therefore, c 1 = a . Also, the coe.cient c 2 must be chosen so that (at the right end of
the truncated cone) we have r = b (when x = L ); therefore, c 2 =( b
a ) /L . Our expression, then,
becomes
r = a + b
a
x.
L
Substituting this into our previous statement and solving for the field, we find
E =
π
a + b a
L
x 2
.
Consequently, the potential difference between the faces of the cone is
L
π
L
a + b
a
x 2
V =
Edx =
dx
L
0
0
x 1
π
L
a + b
a
L
=
π
L
1
a
1
b
=
b
a
L
b
a
0
=
π
L
b
a
= iρL
πab .
b
a
ab
The resistance is therefore
R = V
i = ρL
πab .
(b) If b = a ,then R = ρL/πa 2 = ρL/A ,where A = πa 2 is the cross-sectional area of the cylinder.
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