Gisha - Disengaged Occupiers, The Legal Status Of Gaza (2007).pdf

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Disengaged Occupiers:
The Legal Status of Gaza
January 2007
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This position paper was prepared with the generous support of the
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Foundation
And in the framework of Gisha’s Public Advocacy Program,
generously funded by the
Royal Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Gisha thanks its core funders for their generous support of
our work:
Echoing Green
Foundation for Middle East Peace
Foundation Open Society Institute
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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D ISENGAGED O CCUPIERS :
T HE L EGAL S TATUS OF G AZA
J ANUARY 2007
Copyright
2007 by Gisha: Legal Center for Freedom
of Movement
ISBN 978-965-91069-0-5
Written by
Sari Bashi and Kenneth Mann
Research
Nicole Herther-Spiro, Sari Bashi, the
Lowenstein International Human Rights
Clinic at Yale Law School, Noam Peleg,
Eva Mousa, Nili Gorin
Photographs
Getty Images
Table of contents
Maps
UN-OCHA
Design
Eva Mousa
Thanks to
Dr. Aeyal Gross, Prof. David Kretzmer
for their comments;
The Lowenstein International Human
Rights Clinic at Yale Law School.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY [ 7 ]
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION [ 17 ]
CHAPTER 2 : ISRAEL CLAIMS IT OWES NO OBLIGATIONS TO
GAZA RESIDENTS [ 21 ]
CHAPTER 3 : ISRAEL CONTINUES TO EXERCISE EFFECTIVE
CONTROL OVER GAZA [ 29 ]
A. Israel Controls Movement to and from Gaza via Land Cross-
ings [ 32 ]
1. Control over Movement of People [ 32 ]
2. Control over Movement of Goods [ 41 ]
B. Israel Exercises Complete Control of Gaza’s Airspace and Ter-
ritorial Waters [ 47 ]
C. Israel Controls Movement Within Gaza through Periodic Incur-
sions and a “No-Go Zone” [ 49 ]
D. Israel Controls the Palestinian Population Registry [ 50 ]
E. Israel Exercises Control over Gaza’s Tax System and Fiscal Pol-
icy [ 54 ]
F. Israel Exercises Control over the Palestinian Authority and Its
Ability to Provide Services to Gaza Residents [ 56 ]
CHAPTER 4 : ISRAEL CONTINUES TO OWE OBLIGATIONS
TO GAZA RESIDENTS UNDER THE LAW OF OCCUPATION
[ 63 ]
A. The Definitionof Occupation [ 64 ]
B. Israel Continues to Bear Responsibility Even if the Occupation
of Gaza Is Effected through Nontraditional Means [ 66 ]

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