Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism ed by Martin Coyle & al (1993).pdf

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

PERMISSIONS

1. John Williams: British Poetry Since 1945

‘From the Frontier of Writing’ in Haw lantern

Published by Faber and Faber, 1987

Used by permission in the US of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc.

‘The Badger’ in Fieldwork

Published by Faber and Faber, 1979

Used by permission in the US of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc.

‘Dockery and Son’ and ‘Love Again’ in Collected Poems

Published by Faber and Faber, 1988

‘Saint’s Island’ in Flowers and Insects

Published by Faber and Faber, 1986

Reprinted in the US by permission of Harper and Row

‘The Clever Garden’

Published by Martin Seeker and Warburg

‘Rage for Order’ in Poems 1962–1978

by Derek Mahon

OUP 1979

‘Christophorus’ by Mary Casey

xiii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Enitharnon Press, 1981

‘The Welsh Hill Country’ in Selected Poems

by R.S.Thomas

Published by Bloodaxe Books, 1986

Selected Poems by Tony Harrison

Published by Penguin, 1987

Selected Poems by Carol Rumens

Published by Chatto and Windus, 1987

The Memory of War

by James Fenton

Reprinted by permission of Peters Fraser and Dunlop Group Ltd

Published by Penguin Books

Collected Poems by Geoffrey Hill

Reprinted by permission of Andre Deutsch

Ariel by Sylvia Plath

Reprinted by permission

Reprinted in the US by permission of Harper and Row

Published by Faber and Faber, London

2. Thomas Gardner: Contemporary American Poetry

‘North American Sequence’, ‘Meditation at Oyster Bay’ and ‘The Rose’ in

Collected Poems 1966 by Theodore Roetke

Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Bantam, Doubleday, Dell

Publishing Group Inc.

respectively.

Published in the US by permission of Faber and Faber

‘To a Friend Going Blind’ and ‘Patience’ in Erosion by Jorie Graham.

‘At the Fishouses’ in The Complete Poems 1927–1979 by Elizabeth Bishop.

xiv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc.

‘At the Loom’ by Robert Duncan in Bending the Bow

Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation

Fictive Certainties

Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation

3. Jan Montefiore: Women and the Poetic Tradition

The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson Editor: Thomas H.Johnson

Reprinted by permission Of Little, Brown and Company

‘Thoughts drifting through the Fat Black Woman’s head while having a

full bubble bath’ in The Fat Black Woman’s Poems by Grace Nichols

Published by Virago Press, 1984

Collected Poems E.J.Scovell

Carcanet

Trilogy by Hilda Doolittle

UK and Commonwealth rights: Carcanet

Reprinted in the US by permission of New Directions Publishing

Corporation

The Fact of a Doorframe Poems Selected and New 1950–1984 by Adrienne

Rich

Reprinted by permission of Adrienne Rich and W.W.Norton and Company,

Inc.

Permissions have been sought for all extracts. However, certain copyright

details had not been made available to Routledge at time of going to press.

PREFACE

The aims and intentions of Literature and Criticism are probably best described

by an account of the project’s history. Our brief from the publisher was for a

work of reference, covering the field of literary and critical activity now usually

described as ‘English’ or ‘English Literature’. From the earliest stages of

planning, however, we felt that what was needed went beyond a descriptive

guide to authors and texts on conventional lines. The idea began to take

shape of a work that acknowledged both the existence of texts and the

surrounding structure of critical debate. We moved towards a notion of a

reference work which not only covered English literature, but also dealt with

how it has been discussed and how it is being discussed now.

Such a work could not, and should not, aim to be an objective guide. On

the contrary, it was agreed that we should consciously set out to engage scholars

and critics of different persuasions, with the prospect that their varying

perspectives would be reflected in the essays. While subject areas were specified

in general outline, authors were invited to question divisions and propose

their own modifications. Attention was drawn to some of the implications of

our scope (for instance, that essays would need to achieve a balance appropriate

to their subject between ‘literature’ and ‘criticism’). We encouraged writers to

address recent critical and scholarly issues in their field and to indicate where

they felt new ground might be broken.

The Encyclopedia’s sections and an approximate order of subjects were

drafted at an early stage, so that most contributors wrote with an awareness

of the particular context in which their essays would be placed. As new ideas

(and some gaps) came to our attention, a few additional titles were

commissioned; some local changes in order were also made as opportunities

for creating fresh currents and tensions between neighbouring essays became

available. The rationale behind the structure, nevertheless, remains largely

unchanged. The introductory ‘keynote’ essays in Section I, lay out the

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