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THE OPEN TIMBER CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

Architectural Design

THE OPEN TIMBER CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

Architectural Design

The open timber construction system – Architectural Design

Text:

Mikko Viljakainen

Layout:

Mainostoimisto Ideamix Oy

Illustrations:

Annika Alppi

Anna-Mari Valkama

Mikko Viljakainen

Cover:

Mikko Viljakainen

Translation:

Meri Mäkipentti

Wood Focus Oy, authors

ISSN:

0789-578X

ISBN:

952-15-0184-7

Published by:

Wood Focus Oy

Originally published by:

Puuinfo Oy 1999

Printed by:

Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy

FOREWORD

During the last decade in Finland, substantial progress has been

made in the development of new timber construction methods.

This progress has resulted in the accumulation of extensive new

knowledge on the subject and has increased the use of timber in

the building industry. The development to date, after initial experi-

ments with small details within private companies at the begin-

ning of the process, has resulted in the unfolding of a new timber

construction system that is based on a joint, general and open

industrial standard.

The result is an extensive single system that consists not only

of systems related to products, information and manufacturing

methods but also of regulations and general design principles

that attempt to incorporate all of these factors. The system is

based on universally approved principles and is available to all.

Its basic construction principles and details cannot be patented or

trademarked. Other key characteristics include the compatibility

and interchangeability of parts or components within the system.

Whenever necessary, a part of the system or a particular product

can be replaced by another equivalent product from a different

manufacturer. This allows free competition between different par-

ties and different manufacturers’ products.

The purpose of this construction system is to provide a competi-

tive and realistic production method that responds to the differing

needs of various situations and to the requirements of different

clients. The system allows buildings to be designed and realised

with the use of industrially manufactured components from various

suppliers both separately and jointly.

The development process and its results have also attracted

international interest. Consequently, it has been concluded that an

international version of this guide is needed. The guide describes

a timber construction procedure, which plays a fundamental role

within the overall open timber construction system, as it stands

in its current level of development. The aim of the guide is to

describe and explain the system and illustrate its potential within

architectural design.

The guide is based on a system that is currently being used in

Finland and on Finnish building regulations in general. However,

in parts, the guide has deviated from these and therefore it has

had to generalise certain issues. It has seemed inappropriate to

suggest the use of the Finnish building regulations, as such, within

the international context, although the basic ordering principle of

the guide, of initially describing the restrictions concerning build-

ings of different sizes and then offering various solutions to these,

still appears useful. A short study of the theory concerning the

building system more broadly has also been added at the begin-

ning of the guide. The theory was originally devised for the use of

industry in order to facilitate the understanding of the system and

to order and control its further development. The guide is meant

for free distribution.

May 2003

Mikko Viljakainen

Return address: www.puuinfo.ﬁ /palaute

CONTENTS

FOREWORD 3

INTRODUCTION 7

Contents of the Guide 7

Notes on translation

1 THE SYSTEM 11

The theory of the open system 12

General Characteristics 14

Areas of Application 15

The Construction Principle 15

The Structural Principle 16

Ground Floors and Intermediate Floors 16

Walls 16

External Walls 16

Internal Walls 16

Party Walls 17

Roof 17

The Impact of the System on Architectural Design 18

Building Volumes 18

Building Section 18

Architectural Design Process 19

2 STRUCTURAL FRAME AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 21

Framing Materials 23

Framing Timbers 24

Wall Studs and Plates 24

Joists 24

Building Boards 24

Sub-Floor Boarding 24

Roof Underlay Boards 25

Breather Boards 25

Internal Lining Boards 25

Fixings 25

The Framing Components 26

Ground and Intermediate Floors 26

Extra Bracing for Joists 27

Shallow Joists 27

Intermediate Floor Openings 28

Vertical Shafts 28

Projections from The Joists 29

Walls 30

Frame Types 31

Walls of Non-Standardised Height 31

Curved Walls 31

Roof 32

Trussed Rafters 32

Couple Roof Rafters 33

Basic Frame Junctions 34

The Impact of Timber Frame on Architectural Design 36

Horizontal Dimensions 36

Basic Principles 36

The Structural Grid 36

Detached Houses 36

Apartment Blocks 38

Spans 39

Vertical Dimensions 43

THE OPEN TIMBER CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM Architectural Design

THE OPEN TIMBER CONSTRUCTION SY - Nieznany.pdf

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