State of the Universe 2008 - M. Ratcliffe (Praxis, 2008) WW.pdf - Najnowsze ksiazki(9) - walbo48

STATE OF THE UNIVERSE 2008

Martin Ratcliffe

STATE OF THE

UNIVERSE 2008

NEW IMAGES, DISCOVERIES, AND EVENTS

Published in association with

Praxis Publishing

Chichester, UK

Martin Ratcliffe FRAS

Wichita

Kansas

USA

Front cover illustration: This infrared image from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope shows the Helix

nebula, the remains of a star that once looked like our Sun. When sun-like stars die, they puff out their

outer gaseous layers. These layers are heated by the hot core of the dead star, called a white dwarf, and

shine with infrared and visible colors. In Spitzer ’s view of the Helix nebula, infrared light from the

outer gaseous layers is represented in blues and greens. The white dwarf is visible as a tiny white dot

in the center of the picture. The red color in the middle of the eye denotes the final layers of gas blown

out when the star died. Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Su (Univ. of Arizona).

Back cover illustration: (Top) This image taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on NASA’s

Hubble Space Telescope depicts bright, blue, newly formed stars that are blowing a cavity in the center

of a star-forming region in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Image courtesy NASA, ESA, and the Hubble

Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) - ESA/Hubble Collaboration. (Middle) This composite image shows the

Crab Nebula, the remains of a colossal stellar explosion called a supernova. The Chandra X-ray image

is shown in light blue, the Hubble Space Telescope optical images are in green and dark blue, and the

Spitzer Space Telescope’s infrared image is in red. Image courtesy NASA, ESA, CXC, JPL-Caltech, J.

Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State Univ.), R. Gehrz (Univ. Minn.), and STScI. (Bottom) This image

by the Chandra X-ray Observatory shows Cassiopeia A, the youngest supernova remnant in the Milky

Way. The red and green regions show material from the destroyed star that has been heated to millions

of degrees by the explosion. Image courtesy NASA/CXC/MIT/UMass Amherst/M.D.Stage et al.

SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN POPULAR ASTRONOMY

SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

ISBN: 978-0-387-71674-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Springer is a part of Springer Science + Business Media (springeronline.com)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007936093

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or re-

view, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may

only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior per-

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with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning

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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication

does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from

the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Cover design and cartoons: Jim Wilkie

Typesetting and design: BookEns Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK

Printed in Germany on acid-free paper

State of the Universe 2008 - M. Ratcliffe (Praxis, 2008) WW.pdf

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