Sports_Massage_1_of_3_Ryan_Hoyme_.pdf

Presents - Part 1 of 3

180+

S oft T issue A ctive A ssistive R elease

Sports Massage Techniques

Massage + Stretching + Movement = Client Retention

Ñ Sports Massage; Not Just For Athletes Anymore Ò

Ryan Hoyme

CMT, NCTMB, HST

MASSAGENERD.COM

INDEX

*SPORTS MASSAGE (3)

*ACTIVE PALPATING STRETCH (17)

*SPORTS MASSAGE DICTIONARY (7)

*RESISTIVE PALPATING STRETCH (18)

*MUSCLES AFFECTED BY SPORTS (7)

*INTEGRATED NEUROMUSCULAR

INHIBITION TECHNIQUE (19)

*RULES FOR SPORTS MASSAGE (8)

*SOFT TISSUE RELEASE (20)

*PASSIVE TRIGGER POINT STRETCHING

TECHNIQUE (9)

*MUSCLE RELEASE TECHNIQUE (21)

*ACTIVE TRIGGER POINT STRETCHING

TECHNIQUE (10)

*ACTIVE RELEASE TECHNIQUE (21)

*PASSIVE ROTATION RATCHET

TECHNIQUE (22)

*PASSIVE DEEP RATCHET TECHNIQUE

(11)

*ACTIVE ROTATION RATCHET

TECHNIQUE (23)

*ACTIVE DEEP RATCHET TECHNIQUE (12)

*RESISTIVE DEEP RATCHET TECHNIQUE

(13)

*RESISTIVE ROTATION RATCHET

TECHNIQUE (24)

*PASSIVE GLIDE RATCHET TECHNIQUE

(14)

*PNF PALPATING STRETCH (25)

*RECIPROCAL INHIBITION PALPATING

STRETCH (26)

*RESISTIVE GLIDE RATCHET

TECHNIQUE (15)

*RATCHET TECHNIQUE (27)

*PASSIVE PALPATING STRETCH (16)

Legal Disclaimer

All models are at least 18 years of age. The techniques, ideas, and suggestions in this document are not intended as a substitute for proper medical

advice! Consult your physician or health care professional before performing or receiving a massage, particularly if you are pregnant or nursing, or if

you are elderly, or if you have any chronic or recurring conditions. Any application of the techniques, ideas, and suggestions in this document is at the

reader's sole discretion and risk.

The author and publisher of this document and their employers are not liable or responsible to any person or entity for any errors contained in this

document, or for any special, incidental, or consequential damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in

this document.

SPORTS MASSAGE

Sports Massage- Yesterday's buzz word. Relatively few Therapists really understand sports massage.

Today's continuing education providers now prefer the term "Orthopedic Massage.Ò

General Advice

1. Done fast, through clothing, vigorous music, no

lubricants, rarely longer than 30 min.

2. When in doubt, vibrate

3. Increase compression pressure from light to deep

4. Deep/precise work shouldn't be part of pre-event work,

and should be used with caution for post event

5. Have ice packs and first aid equipment for emergencies -

be prepared to call for triage (especially if more than

one muscle cramps at once)

6. Encourage adequate hydration

7. In case of cramp

Remain calm and confident

Direct compression over cramp, followed by attempt

at either reciprocal inhibition or Golgi tendon

stimulation

After cramp subsides a little, gently stretch and

repeat above step until it's gone.

When cramp is gone, ice muscle and have it stay

that way for the next couple of hours. Have

disposable ice containers to give athletes.

8. Pre-event massage must follow warm-up, be 15-20

minutes

9. Post-event massage should be done between 1 and 2

hours after the event. Should be slower to prevent

cramps, and avoid tense-relax stretching for the same

reason.

Basics

In 1569, Girolamo Mercuriale wrote the first sports medicine book. Jack Meagher is considered the father of Sports

massage. Sports massage Therapists are usually trained in: Thai massage, Active Release, Muscle testing, Stretching and many other

modalities. Some treatments are preformed on the table or on the floor with a mat and most of the Pre and Post event massages are

given with the athlete uniform on. Basic Friction Strokes are: Compressive effleurage, Broad cross-fiber friction, Longitudinal

stripping, Local cross-fiber friction and Compression (With/Without active engagement). Many specific techniques may be used like

deep friction, cross fiber, soft tissue release, ice massage, lymphatic drainage, strapping, and PNF stretching.

Sports massage has antecedents in earlier periods of history. The ancient Greeks and Romans combined massage and

exercise in their athletic training. Various Asian cultures also developed forms of massage for dancers and for students of martial

arts. As a formal practice, however, sports massage began in the Soviet Union and Communist bloc countries in the 1960s. Soviet

teams were the first to have a massage Therapist travel with them and work on their athletes on a regular and ongoing basis.

Through sports and cultural exchanges, the concept of sports massage moved to Europe and the United States in the 1970s. Over

time the benefits of sports massage became accepted, and sports massage became a part of the training regimen, first of

professional athletes, then of college and amateur athletes.

Most Professional sports teams have massage Therapists. This form of treatment is also for 'ordinary' people. There are

three main categories of massage techniques, which are predominantly used in sport: effleurage, petrissage, and friction. Many

Sports massage Therapists make their big break with a recommendation from a player or someone that works for the team.

Table height should be lower, at fingertips or so you can put on leg on the table (knee flexed) and still easily lean forward

to apply pressure. Lubrication should be used with minimal amount to avoid causing friction burns or body-hair pulling.

Benefits of Sports Massage:

Balances muscle groups and soft tissues of the body, reducing the chance of injury during training and competition.

Shortens recovery time between workouts, allowing greater training intensity.

Improves range of motion and muscle flexibility resulting in improved efficiency, power, and performance.

Increases blood flow, which improves the supply of nutrients to the soft tissues.

Assists in the elimination of metabolic byproducts of exercise, resulting in less discomfort after extreme efforts.

PREPATORY MASSAGE

This is when the athlete utilizes massage regularly during training to improve fitness and recovery times prior

to competition. The importance of Preparatory massage for the athlete is often understated. Frequent massage during

training helps identify beginning dysfunction in the tissues, tendons, or fascia, and thus decreasing the likelihood of

injury.

PRE-EVENT MASSAGE

(Pre-competition Massage)

Basics

Would usually be 5-10 minutes in a team change-room environment, but could be shortened or extended depending on

circumstances. Pre-game techniques are fast-paced to stimulate blood flow, flush the system, and reduce resistance. Know the

number of players to give massages to, be aware of time constraints, and know what areas of body to cover. Never ask the client

where they hurt just before the big game. In strength related sports, concentrate on the specific muscles used. In endurance

sports, concentrate on overall energy and flexibility. Be aware of how much a client has had massage previously to an event.

Techniques

Use brisk invigorating variations of sport massage strokes to specific muscles as per sport. Use gymnastics, stretching, PNF

if athlete has used them before after the athlete has warmed up. You can begin with light pressure and gradually increase pressure

and speed. Energize or calm down as needed.

Keep in mind

Do not comment on tightness at this point, it may be too negative and depressing. Do not treat Triggerpoints. Only use

Trigger point therapy 24 hours before competition and only if the athlete is used to having such a treatment before and event. If

an athlete is unprepared, injured, or tight to the point of causing an injury, bring this up with caution.

*There are four important physiological effects of a warm-up. First the athlete's heart rate should increase. Second, the athlete's

respiratory rate should increase. Third the athlete's body temperature should increase. Fourth as the athlete goes through the

motions required to compete it prepares the body's nervous system for strenuous activity.

Technique Expanded: www.europafitness.com/sports1/sportsmassage2.html

DURING COMPETITION MASSAGE

(Between games)

Usually only 5-10 minutes at the most. Never ask them where they hurt. Follow many of the same rules as the Pre-Event

routine.

POST-EVENT MASSAGE

(A post-competition Massage)

Basics

Would usually be 5-15 minutes in a team change-room environment, but could be shortened or extended depending on

circumstances. Consider the number of players/competitors to give massages to. Consider time constraints to complete the

massages.

Techniques

Concentrate on the major muscles used in the event. Use light draining strokes moving toward the heart. Start lightly and

gradually apply more pressure. Use gymnastics to access the joint range of motion. Do not use resistance stretching on tired

muscles. Use gentle compressions, light circular friction to aid in circulation, and reduce spasms. Use light draining strokes moving

toward the heart like effleurage and petrissage for lymph drainage. You may not be able to use oil or lotion so keep that in mind.

Using general compression techniques is beneficial to the athlete.

Keep in mind

Recovery is a period of non-activity or diminished activity, which should follow a race or heavy training. Periosteum is the

thin tissue covering a bone. When the tissue becomes inflamed (periostitis), this is considered by many experts to be a precursor of

a stress fracture. Lactic acid, which builds up in the body fluids because of the breakdown of muscle tissue. This build-up occurs

naturally during hard exercise and causes pain in the affected muscles.

*Post-Event massage starts with Compressive Effleurage to establish appropriate pressure and push fluids from distal to proximal.

I usually follow with Petrissage to knead and milk the muscle. With Petrissage you should be careful with your pressure. I then use

compression strokes to relieve tightness that occurs as the muscles cool down. Compression can also restore blood flow to the

targeted muscles. Broadening strokes can then be used to restore length and broaden muscle bellies. I then return to Compressive

Effleurage to finish off and soothe the area.

*If you are familiar with good stretching techniques they can be administered to relieve soreness and prevent muscle tightening.

Post-Event Massage should not last much more than ten to fifteen minutes. It is not intended to be a full body massage. It is for

the purpose of helping the athlete recover from physical activity.

Technique Expanded: www.europafitness.com/sports1/sportsmassage2.html

MAINTENANCE MASSAGE

(Rehabilitative Massage)

Basics

Would usually be 30-60 minutes in a clinic situation, but could be shortened or extended depending on the circumstances.

Time can be negotiated with the athlete depending on their time availability. Check to see when they will be working out: That day,

few hours away, or the next day. The time may influence the type and length of massage session.

Information used in sports maintenance massage is gathered from discussing the athlete's goals, watching the athlete's

workouts or competitions, recording current or previous injuries and prior treatments, including massage, and setting specific goals

for a sports maintenance massage program.

Techniques

If they are tight, you may want to use Trigger point methods. Maintenance techniques usually are Swedish massage with

deep transverse friction. Work to increase flexibility and range of motion. If they are fatigued, you may want to use more

effleurage and other strokes to drain lactic acid build up.

When the injury is in the chronic stage, nonspecific compression of the site, range-of-motion movements and ice

treatments would be appropriate. Advance to cross fiber friction with movement and ice treatments as the injury heals. Strengthen

and stretch the injured area once the athlete can go through a full range of motion without pain.

Keep in mind

Know your athlete's event. Ask them where they hurt and take the most stress. Look at your client's overall body

alignment to determine areas of higher stress. Find out when they last worked out and what they did in the workout (You might want

to take it easy on the areas already worked).

Typical locations for adhesions in athletes

The two main ways athletes are injured: a biomechanical problem and overload problem (or training errors).

Traps/ Supraspinatus

Erectors/ Thoracolumbar fascia

Traps/ Levator Scapula

Glutes

Extensors and or Flexors of the

forearm

Soleus/ Peroneus Longus

Common areas of potential stress that may be addressed during restorative massage

Foot and ankle: strained or pulled Achilles' tendon,

metatarsal cramp or fatigue, ankle strains and twists

Thigh, calf, knee: golf knee, calf spasms, runner's cramp,

hamstring strain

Hip, leg, buttock, groin: strains because of twisting and

swinging

Elbow, arm: weakened arm and shoulder muscles, stiffness

and soreness

Problems after or during an event

Cramps - Complete muscle spasm without complete contraction of the fibers accompanied by intense pain.

*Causes - Fatigue, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium), muscle strain, injury.

*Treatment - Bring origin and insertion of muscle closer together. Avoid further spasm. Direct pressure may also help. Ice

massage, replace fluids and electrolytes.

*After placing the athlete in a comfortable position, my first choice of treating a cramp is simply to elongate the muscle tissue

that is cramping. The lengthening should be done gently to avoid pulling the muscle out of cramp. (You may have experienced a

cramp in your foot yourself and realized that if you stretch the bottom of your foot the cramp lessens. If you point your toes

toward the ground the cramp usually gets worse.) This usually works well and I follow the gentle stretching with massage of the

Rectus Femoris (Quad)

Lats/ Teres major and minor

Semimembranosus/ Adductor

Magnus

Wrist: tension caused by grasping and tensing

Back, shoulder, neck: strain to muscles, shoulder joint

injuries

Midback and lower back

Racquetball shoulder

Triceps strain

Groin: pulled muscles

Chest and abdomen: strain, spasm, soreness

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