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lesson_120
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
I. Read the text and do the exercises below. Przeczytaj tekst i wykonaj zadania
BRAIN ACTIVITY
The human brain is complex. Along with performing millions of mundane acts, it composes
concertos, issues manifestos and comes up with elegant solutions to equations. It's the source
of all human feelings, behaviors, experiences as well as the storage of memory and self-
awareness. So it's no surprise that the brain remains a mystery.
1…
Though an interesting idea, the "10 percent myth" is wrong says neurologist Barry Gordon at
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore. Although there's no one to put the blame on
for starting this legend, the notion has been linked to the American psychologist and author
William James, who argued in The Energies of Men that "We are making use of only a small
part of our possible mental and physical resources." It's also been associated with Albert
Einstein, who supposedly used it to explain his intellect.
2…
What is correct, however, is that at certain moments in anyone's life, such as when we are
simply at rest and thinking, we may be using only 10 percent of our brains. "It turns out
though, that we use virtually every part of the brain, and that most of the brain is active almost
all the time," Gordon adds.
3....
The majority of the energy consumed by the brain powers the millions of neurons
communicating with each other. The rest of its energy is used for controlling other
activities—both unconscious activities, such as heart rate, and conscious ones, such as driving
a car.
Although it's true that at any given moment all of the brain's regions are not working
simultaneously, brain researchers have shown that, like the body's muscles, most are
continually active over a 24-hour period. "Evidence would show over a day you use 100
percent of the brain," says John Henley, a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.
4….
"This isn't to say that if the brain were damaged that you wouldn't be able to perform daily
duties," Henley continues. "There are people who have injured their brains or had parts of it
removed who still live fairly normal lives, but that is because the brain has a way of
compensating and making sure that what's left takes over the activity."
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Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Ultimately, it's not that we use 10 percent of our brains, merely that we only understand about
10 percent of how it functions. Scientific America
A The myth's durability, Gordon says, stems from people's conceptions about their own
brains: they see their own shortcomings as evidence of the existence of unused gray matter.
This is a false assumption.
B “Even in sleep, some areas are active”, Henley explains. Take the simple act of
pouring coffee in the morning: In walking toward the coffeepot, reaching for it, pouring the
coffee into the mug, even leaving extra room for cream, activates many parts of the brain. A
lightning storm of neuronal activity occurs almost across the entire brain in the time span of a
few seconds.
C Adding to that mystery is the myth that humans "only" employ 10 percent of their
brain. If only we could use that other 90 percent, we too could become savants who perhaps
even have telekinetic powers.
D "Let's put it this way: the brain represents three percent of the body's weight and uses
20 percent of the body's energy." The average human brain weighs about three pounds and
performs all higher cognitive functions.
1. Look at the underlined words in the text and match them with their translation.
Spójrz na wyrazy podkre ś lone w tek ś cie i poł ą cz je z ich tłumaczeniem
complex
braki
mundane
cały
equation
dzbanek
source
istota
blame
jednocześnie
associated
jedynie
durability
kojarzony
shortcomings
myślowy
matter
nalewać
cognitive
okres
simultaneously
pojawiać się
pour
przyziemny
mug
rekompensować
occur
równanie
entire
trwałość
span
wina
compensate
złoŜony
merely
Ŝródło
savant
geniusz
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Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
2. Read the text again and complete the gaps with the removed fragments A-D.
Przeczytaj ponownie tekst i uzupełnij luki usuni ę tymi fragmentami A-D
3. Complete the phrases below. You may find them in the text. Uzupełnij poni Ŝ sze
frazy. Znajdziesz je w tekście.
1. come …….. with
=
think of
2. …….. a mystery
=
stay a mystery
3. put the blame ….
=
blame somebody for
4. associated ……
=
connected
5. turn ……
=
appear
6. stems ……
=
originates
7. time …….
=
period of time
4. Complete the sentences with the phrases from exercise 3. Uzupełnij zdania
frazami z ćwiczenia 4.
1. His headaches ………… his vision problems
2. It will be difficult to hire that many new staff in such a short …………
3. Last time we heard from him was 5 years ago so were he is now …………
4. She stole the money but she's trying to ………… me.
5. There are many questions ………… life on other planets
6. To my surprise it ………… I was wrong
7. We've been asked to ………… some new ideas
II. Like and as
Like is used:
- to express similarities : She speaks like a politician (= she is not a politician)
- after verbs of senses : feel, look, smell, taste, sound + noun : It tastes like chocolate
- with nouns, pronouns, gerunds : Dancing is like touching the clouds
As is used:
- to express a real job/role : She works as a nurse (= she is a nurse)
- after accept, be known, describe, refer to, regard, use : He is regarded as a genius
- in expressions : as usual, as…as, as much, such as : He ate as much as he could
- to mean ‘in the way’ : Do it as I told you
1. Complete the sentences with like or as
1. The situation is quite serious; just _______ we heard yesterday.
2. From this angle, the building looks _______ the Empire State Building.
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Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
3. Monkeys live on a variety of fruit such _______ bananas, oranges and
breadfruit
4. The stew looked and tasted _______ paper.
5. _______ we heard, the hurricane is coming!
6. We could go down to the beach, just _______ we used to
7. She sings ______ an angel.
8. I'm much better ______ you can see.
9. My daughter is not at all ______ me.
10. I'm attending the lectures ______ an observer
11. I hope to qualify ______ an engineer.
12. My friend Tom looks ______ Tom Cruise
13. I want to join the air force ______ a pilot
14. We need a strong leader ______ Winston Churchill
15. I use one of the bedrooms ______ an office.
KEY
1.
complex
złoŜony
mundane
przyziemny
equation
równanie
source
Ŝródło
blame
wina
associated
kojarzony
durability
trwałość
shortcomings
braki
matter
istota
cognitive
myślowy
simultaneously
jednocześnie
pour
nalewać
mug
dzbanek
occur
pojawiać się
entire
cały
span
okres
39360109.011.png 39360109.012.png 39360109.013.png 39360109.014.png 39360109.015.png
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
compensate
rekompensować
merely
jedynie
savant
geniusz
2.
1. C
2. A
3. D
.
4. B
3.
1. comes up with
2. remains a mystery
3. put the blame on
4. associated with
5. turns out
6. stems from
7. time span
4.
1. His headaches stem from his vision problems
2. It will be difficult to hire that many new staff in such a short time span
3. Last time we heard from him was 5 years ago so were he is now remains a mystery
4. She stole the money but she's trying to put the blame on me.
5. There are many questions associated with life on other planets
6. To my surprise it turned out I was wrong
7. We've been asked to come up with some new ideas
II.
1.
1. as
2. like
3. as
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