2003 US Army Opposing Force Doctrinal Framework & Strategy 165p.pdf

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FM 7-100

OPFOR

Opposing Force

Doctrinal Framework

and Strategy

MAY 2003

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

FOREWORD

In today’s complicated and uncertain world, it is impossible to predict the exact nature of

future conflict that might involve the U.S. Army. So the Army must be ready to meet the

challenges of any type of conflict, in all kinds of places, and against all kinds of threats. This is

the nature of the contemporary operational environment (COE), and training for such an

environment requires a different type of Opposing Force (OPFOR) than that of the past.

The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (DCSINT) of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine

Command (TRADOC) is the Executive Agent for the development, management,

administration, integration, and approval functions of the OPFOR Program across the Army.

Thus, the TRADOC DCSINT is responsible for documenting the doctrine, organization, and

capabilities of a contemporary OPFOR that is appropriate for training the Army’s leaders,

soldiers, and units for the COE.

In the FM 7-100 series, the TRADOC Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence

(ODCSINT) has created a flexible baseline for an OPFOR that can be adapted to meet a

variety of different training requirements in a number of different scenarios that reflect the

COE. The OPFOR doctrinal framework and strategy outlined in FM 7-100 represent a realistic

composite of potential adversaries the Army might encounter in the real-world situations of

the foreseeable future. However, the world is continually changing, as are the threats and

challenges for which the Army must be prepared. The Army must remain flexible, as must the

OPFOR designed to serve as a challenging sparring partner in the training environment.

This manual is approved for use in all Army training venues. However, as the contemporary

OPFOR and other aspects of the COE are integrated into Army training, the TRADOC

ODCSINT and the intelligence community will continue research and analysis of real-world

developments and trends. The goal of this continued effort is to keep our OPFOR and our

understanding of the COE truly contemporary and relevant as the world around us changes.

Thus, this manual is intended to be a living document, and the ODCSINT will modify and

change it as often as necessary in order to ensure its continued relevance in light of changes

and developments in the COE. In anticipation of such changes, this manual will be published

primarily in electronic format with only limited distribution of hard-copy, printed manuals.

Users need to monitor the Reimer Digital Library ( http://www.adtdl.army.mil ) and the

DCSINT-Threats Web site ( http://www.leavenworth.army.mil/threats/index ) for periodic

updates.

MAXIE L. MCFARLAND

Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

FM 7-100

Field Manual

Headquarters

No. 7-100

Department of the Army

Washington, DC,1 May 2003

Opposing Force

Doctrinal Framework and Strategy

Contents

Page

PREFACE ................................................................................................................. iii

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... iv

Chapter 1

THE STATE .............................................................................................................1-1

Characteristics of the State ......................................................................................1-1

Perceived Threats ....................................................................................................1-5

Views of the United States .......................................................................................1-7

Chapter 2

STRUCTURE OF THE STATE ...............................................................................2-1

Elements of National Power .....................................................................................2-1

National Command Authority ...................................................................................2-5

Ministry of Foreign Affairs.........................................................................................2-5

Ministry of Public Information ...................................................................................2-7

Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs ................................................................2-8

Ministry of Interior ...................................................................................................2-10

Ministry of Defense.................................................................................................2-12

Supreme High Command .......................................................................................2-14

Chapter 3

STRATEGY FOR TOTAL WAR ..............................................................................3-1

National Security Strategy ........................................................................................3-1

Strategic Campaign ................................................................................................3-10

Strategic Operations...............................................................................................3-23

Strategic IW ............................................................................................................3-25

Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

FM 7-100 _________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4

REGIONAL OPERATIONS .................................................................................... 4-1

Strategic Goals......................................................................................................... 4-1

Diplomatic-Political Means....................................................................................... 4-2

Informational Means................................................................................................. 4-3

Economic Means...................................................................................................... 4-5

Military Means .......................................................................................................... 4-6

Strategic Operations .............................................................................................. 4-10

Chapter 5

TRANSITION OPERATIONS ................................................................................. 5-1

Strategic Goals......................................................................................................... 5-1

Diplomatic-Political Means....................................................................................... 5-3

Informational Means................................................................................................. 5-3

Economic Means...................................................................................................... 5-4

Military Means .......................................................................................................... 5-5

Strategic Operations ................................................................................................ 5-9

Chapter 6

ADAPTIVE OPERATIONS ..................................................................................... 6-1

Strategic Goals......................................................................................................... 6-1

Diplomatic-Political Means....................................................................................... 6-2

Informational Means................................................................................................. 6-2

Economic Means...................................................................................................... 6-3

Military Means .......................................................................................................... 6-4

Strategic Operations .............................................................................................. 6-12

Chapter 7

FORCE DESIGN, MOBILIZATION, AND SUSTAINMENT .................................... 7-1

Strategic Integration Department ............................................................................. 7-1

Force Development and Investment Strategy ......................................................... 7-2

Acquisition and Procurement ................................................................................... 7-4

Mobilization .............................................................................................................. 7-7

Sustainment ............................................................................................................. 7-8

Material Support..................................................................................................... 7-11

Maintenance........................................................................................................... 7-12

Depot Facilities and Operation............................................................................... 7-12

Transportation ........................................................................................................ 7-14

Personnel ............................................................................................................... 7-16

Medical Support ..................................................................................................... 7-18

Civil Defense, Engineering, and Construction ....................................................... 7-21

Legal Affairs ........................................................................................................... 7-21

GLOSSARY .................................................................................................Glossary-1

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................... Bibliography-0

INDEX ............................................................................................................... Index-1

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