peepcode-git-2.pdf

Internals

Source code control and beyond

by Scott Chacon

Git

Git Internals

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contents

54 Using Git

111 Commands Overview

4 About this book

54 Setting Up Your Profile

111 Basic Git

Installing Git

55 Getting a Git Repository

115 Inspecting Repositories

5 Installing on Linux

57 Normal Workflow Examples

117 Extra Tools

6 Installing on Mac

63 Log – the Commit History

119 References and Endnotes

7 Windows

65 Browsing Git

119 Web Documentation

8 A Short History of Git

71 Searching Git

120 Screencasts

Understanding Git

72 Git Diff

121 Revisions

75 Branching

10 What is Git?

11 Focus and Design

77 Simple Merging

13 Git Object Types

80 Rebasing

22 The Git Data Model

86 Stashing

28 Branching and Merging

89 Tagging

41 The Treeish

91 Exporting Git

44 The Git Directory

92 The Care and Feeding of Git

48 Working Directory

94 Distributed Workflow Examples

49 The Index

105 Sharing Repositories

49 Non-SCM Uses of Git

107 Hosted Repositories

About this book

It took me a pretty long time to really get Git. As I’ve continued to

use Git more and more where I work, I’ve found myself trying to

teach people what it is and why we use it over and over again, and

the reality is that Git generally has a pretty steep learning curve

compared to many other systems. I’ve seen case after case of devel-

opers who love Git after they inally understand it, but getting to that

point is often somewhat painstaking.

This book is aimed at the developer who does not particularly like

Subversion, Perforce or whatever SCM system they are currently

using, has heard good things about Git, but doesn’t know where to

start or why it’s so wonderful. It is meant to explain Git as simply as

possible in a clean, concise, easily readable volume. My goal is to

help you understand Git internals as well as usage at a fundamental

level by the time you inish this book.

To accomplish this, I’m starting the book out (after the introduction)

with a section about what Git actually does , rather than how to use

it. I found that I didn’t really understand Git and had many problems

using it until I understood what it was actually doing at a low level,

rather than thinking of it as a different, weird SVN-like system.

Installing Git

chapter 1

Before we can start playing with Git, we’ll have to install it. I’ll quickly

cover installing Git on Linux, Mac and Windows. I will not get into

really ine detail, because others have done that much better, but I

will give you an overview and links as to where to ind more detailed

instructions on each platform.

For any of these examples, you can ind a link to the most current Git

source code at git.or.cz ( http://git.or.cz ) .

I would recommend compiling from source if possible, simply

because Git is lately making big strides in usability, so more current

versions may be a bit easier to use.

Installing on Linux

If you are installing from source, it will go something like the stan-

dard:

$ wget http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-

1.5.4.4.tar.bz2

$ tar jxpvf git-1.5.4.4.tar.bz2

$ cd git-1.5.4.4

$ make prefix=/usr all doc info

$ sudo make prefix=/usr install install-doc install-info

If you are running Ubuntu or another Debian based system, you can

run

$ apt-get git-core

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