Alfred the Great – 871-99,stopped the VikingInvasions,GoodEducatLawMilitaryOrganization

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle – Alfred the Great started it, monk had to write –important events

Bodicea – Celt’s, in 61AD led her tribe against Romans, destroyed London

Celts –from Spain in 700BC, trobes, hill-forts, trade, technically advanced, the priestd, Druids

Danegeld–danishMoney’beginOfRegTAXsystem, ½ 10th,  SaxonKingPayVikingsToStayAway

Hadrian’s Wall – built in 122AD, along the N border, marked border between Eng.&Scotland

Pay homage – promis to a lord, man&lord were connected withAPromisOfLoyaltyToTheKing

St. Augustine –monk,sent toEng.to reestablish Christianity,1st archbish.ofCanterburyIn601AD

Synod of Whitby – in 663, Celtic& Roman Christians- different ways of celebrating Easter

Venerable Bede –monk,in8th wrote1st book in latin,ECCLESIASTICAL HistOfTheEngPeople

Witan – wise men, bishops, older people, advised king, power to chose &change king

Auld Alliance – allaince between Scotland & France, opposite England

Battle of Crecy – 1346, during the Hundreds Years War, people used longbows, win

Black Death – plague in 1348-9, 1/3 poplation died

DomesdayBook–writtenIn1086,WilliamWantedToKnowWhatPeopleHad-PlanEconomy,taxes

Joan Of Arc–helped French to win the100yearWar, Burgudians gave her to Eng &burnt, 15th

Magna Carta –document between nobles& King John-K had to obey law, no longer above law

The treaty of Troyes-1420, king had to marry French King’s daughter & he could rule France

Thomas Becket –archbish ofCanterbury,guarrelled with Henry2, Hsent4knightsToMurderHim

WarRoses – civil war over the throne of Eng between York (w)&Lancaster(r).branches, in15th 

WilliamTheConqueror–kingEng,dukeNormandy,died1087,successful,feudalism,DomesdayB

Cavaliers- Royalists=supporter ofKing during TheCivilWar,symphised with ChurchOfEng

DeclarOfBreda–1660Charles2 madeKnownCondOfHisAcceptancOfCrownOfEng,GenMonck

Francis Drake – pirate, Elizabeth gave title sir, catched Spanish ships when they were in port

Oliver Cromwell -MPcreated model of Army; introducedRepublic,dissolvedParliament &wantedToRuleAlone, title: Lord Protector

Poor law – 1601; local people responsible forThePoorInTheirArea, parish provideFoodWork

Restoration- episode in1660, Eng monarchy was restored by K Charles2 afterTheCivilWar

Roundheads-support parliam.duringTheCivilWar1642-5, sympathisWithPuritans, shortHair

Rump Parliament- Cromwell reduce numberOfMembersOf British Parliament from200 to 50

SpanishArmada–fleetShip-moveArmySpanishK-Philip acrossEngChannelFromNetherlands

Thomas More-utiopiaAgainstKingHenry8-NamedTheSupremeHeadOfKingChurch-killedHim

William Of Orange – husband Mary (James2 daughter), protestant ruler of Holland

Battle of Britain- in the air, 2WW, Hitler lost this battle, BritishWon,GermanBombedTowns

Battle of Trafalgar-1805, Nelson (British commander) destroyed French-Spanish fleet, killed

Easter Rising–1916 RepublicansRebelled inDublin,persuadeIrishToJoinMovement,Executed

John Wilkes- MP, aWhig, politics-free to discuss to everyone; free speech-basic.The freedom of the individual is more important that interestsOfTheState;noOneArrestWithoutGoodReason

Old Pretender – James Edward- pretender to Eng throne, son of James2, after war between Eng & France started got support from French king

Queen Victoria –reign1837-1901, marriedGerman, took public interest inBusinessOfKingdom

Waterloo- battle in Belgium, June 1815, Napoleon was defeated byBritish army, PrussianHelp

Welfare State national inuranceForPeople, Govern.protectWeakAgainstStrong-AvoidUnempl

Winston Churchil- Britain’sPrimeMinister, gave speech during 2WW,NobelPrize InLiterature