Aspden - ENERGY SCIENCE - AN INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW (2004).pdf - Energy from the Vacuum - andreas50_54

ENERGY SCIENCE: AN INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW

HAROLD ASPDEN

Energy Science Ltd

P.O. Box 35 Southampton SO16 7RB England

Preliminary Note

The science literature dealing with the alternative energy sources needed once we

confront depletion of conventional sources, and the escalating cost of power as that decline

begins, includes a sector classified as ‘free energy’. This is a field of energy research which

tends to be shunned by conventional science owing to it being seen as based on the belief that

‘perpetual motion’ is an impossibility. Surely, as every scientist knows, energy is conserved in

physical processes and cannot be destroyed or created, that being a proposition accepted as the

first law of thermodynamics. Yet there is activity in this ‘free energy’ pursuit that warrants

attention, as do the fascinating stories about pioneers in this field who are no longer with us.

However, it is not our purpose here to capture your imagination be retelling those stories. You

can read about them elsewhere as in references [1 to 4]. Instead, under this heading ‘ENERGY

SCIENCE’, but guided by those stories, we will here engage in exploratory detective work as

we try to solve the secret of their underlying physical processes that allow energy to be tapped,

as if from nowhere. The solution of the mystery is needed now so that we can choose the best

route to follow in our immediate efforts. We do not have many years to waste, if we are to win

in the game of survival as our oil and gas reserves are burned away and avoid the dangers

associated with nuclear power. We cannot just hope for the miracle discovery of some as yet

unconceived technological breakthrough. The answer has to be in whatever is already of record.

Scope of this Overview

By the using the word ‘overview’ it is meant that we shall not here be indulging in a full

and detailed in depth presentation for the physics student. That can follow in due course. Here

the intention is to summarize the factors and steps involved so as to focus rapidly on the issues

that come into play in delivering excess energy. The comments to be made are not arbitrary

statements, but reasoned deductions, many of which are based on research recorded elsewhere.

Thus, and without further ado, this whole account is based on there being two

complementary options as to the energy source involved, both satisfying that first law of

thermodynamics. The less exciting option involves thermodynamics, a breach of the second law

of thermodynamics possible where magnetism is involved. We can tap into waste heat of our

immediate environment and generate useful electric power by deploying that heat energy.

Alternatively, there is the fascinating prospect that we can exploit an insight into the way

Mother Nature supplied the energy needed to create our Sun and Earth, and accept that a real

aether exists from which we can borrow energy to power our machines before returning it after

use by heat radiation. This may seem to be a bold objective but, as already stated, the research

involved is of record elsewhere [see later references] and, to put it bluntly, given that there is no

rival theory that can match what is covered by this overview, one has no choice but to hope that

our story here is correct.

The onward account comes under 16 headings, each relating to a different example of

an energy-related anomaly that has no feasible explanation other than the one suggested by this

author. Note that, concerning the description of the well known free energy experiments, the

reader should refer to the appropriate references [1 to 4] already mentioned.

(1) The Magnet System of Hans Coler

Coler had six bar magnets arranged in a loop with a small carefully-adjusted spacing

between the adjacent end faces of the magnets. Each had a solenoidal winding and these were

connected so as to set up some kind of interaction as between their magnetic flux pulsations that

delivered output EMF via capacitors with a frequency in the 100 kHz region.

It is suggested that the relevant physical principles involved are those concerned with

magnetostriction and the fact that magnetic permeability of iron changes according to internal

strain, so that if there is a sustained longitudinal magnetostrictive oscillation of the bar magnets

at that 100 kHz or so frequency the EMF induced in those solenoidal windings delivers the

output power.

To understand the energy input source we need to understand the true nature of

ferromagnetism. It involves electrons (the 3d state electrons in iron) adopting a coordinated

orbital motion so as to produce a polarized magnetic state. Magnetic energy has negative

potential as we know from the fact that energy in excess of the specific heat requirement has to

be supplied (as heat) to destroy the ferromagnetic state upon upward transit through the Curie

temperature. However, though this might suggest that all materials should exhibit magnetic

polarization, this coordinated electron state involves an associated high stress and strain

condition and that means mechanical stress energy. Iron, nickel and cobalt are three of the very

few atoms for which the electron interplay (that of the 3d state electrons) can release more

energy owing to the magnetized state than is needed to sustain the associated mechanical stress

condition.

The implications of this are relevant to the discovery of Hans Coler. The magnets, when

oscillating magnetostrictively at their resonant frequency, as determined by the elastic constants

of the iron and as sustained by the superimposed magnetic field action produced by an

oscillatory solenoidal current, will conserve mechanical oscillation energy whilst producing

fluctuations of magnetic permeability, magnetic flux and negative potential energy of the

magnetic state. The latter involves depletion of heat if electricity is drawn off as output.

Therefore, the Coler’s magnets should cool as they deliver power to the output circuit.

Though this might suggest a power source operating on ambient heat it cannot be a

feasible prospect for solving the world’s impending energy crisis and so we must look elsewhere.

For references to Coler’s invention see pp. 210-212 of ref. [4 ] and p. 221 of ref. [1].

(2) Bowman’s Permanent Magnet Machine

This is the best example of a perpetual motion machine. It is simple in construction and

leaves no room for doubt as to its operability. Here it cannot be heat input that provides the

motive power.

The machine uses rotors having axes of spin that are parallel. On these rotors there is an

assembly of cylindrical Alnico magnets spaced around the rim, their axes being mutually parallel

with the rotor axes. The arrangement is such that the magnets of one rotor come into end face

to end face relationship with the magnets of another rotor as the rotors spin, meaning that their

cyclical alignment causes an increase in their magnetic flux as they come into register followed

by a decrease as they separate.

The magnets share the rotation speed of the rotors and so we know from the research of

Michael Faraday that an EMF is set up in a radial direction between their axes and their outer

cylindrical surfaces. Moreover, this EMF fluctuates owing to the encounters between magnets

of adjacent rotors. Somehow this initiates inflow of angular momentum that sustains the rotor

rotation and accounts for the perpetual motion property.

This is hardly likely to become a practical way of running the world’s power generating

plants of the future, but it gives us insight into the mystery involved and can guide us forward

in our onward search for that free energy source.

What have we done in operating such a machine? We have displaced electric charge

radially within an electrically conducting medium, the metal of those Alnico magnets.

Something within the space occupied by those magnets has reacted as a result and delivered

angular momentum. That surely is a pointer to the aether, the medium of the quantum

underworld, the medium that has the built-in intrinsic property of determining universally the

quantum unit of angular momentum that is basic to the theory of the atom. It is that medium that

regulates the orbital motion of electrons in atoms and determines the motion of those 3d state

electrons in iron as mentioned above and so we are now looking at the aether as the energy

source that powers Bowman’s perpetual motion machine.

See p. 27 of ref.[2] and p. of ref. [5].

(3) The Homopolar Magnet Machines

A so-called homopolar magnet machine is a curious name for one which merely involves

a large rotating magnet arranged to deliver electrical output by a current circuit including a radial

path through the magnet itself or through a conductive disc rotating with it and linked by its

magnetic flux, the input and output being via electrical brush contacts. Such machines have

extremely low voltage output at high current and are not normally regarded as having anomalous

energy properties. However, the researches of Bruce DePalma and Dr. Paramahamsa Tewari,

amongst others, reveal the anomalous energy properties of homopolar machines. These two

examples are discussed here because DePalma’s machine was tested by Dr. Robert Kincheloe,

Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University who agreed there was

evidence of excess energy, whereas Tewari’s machine had features which, owing to an a.c.

aspect, promised better performance.

Quoting from Dr. Kincheloe’s report noted in DePalma’s paper at pp. 283-287 in ref. [6]:

“During 1985, I was invited to test such a machine. While it did not perform as

claimed, repeatable data showed anomalous results that did not seem to conform

to traditional theory. In particular, under certain assumptions about internally

generated output voltage, the increase in input power when power was extracted

from the generator over that measured due to frictional losses with the generator

unexcited seemed to be either about 13% or 20% of the maximum compound

generated power, depending upon interpretation.”

DePalma then added that ‘after a thoroughgoing critique and examination of his data Kincheloe

concludes:

“DePalma may have been right in that there is indeed a situation here whereby

energy is being obtained from a previously unknown and unexplained source.”

So why are we not seeing these machines scaled up for use in generating electricity? Well, in

my opinion it is because physicists in general do not believe this excess power generation to be

possible and do not understand the mysterious energy source. DePalma did not produce a

commercially viable product. In my opinion such excess energy as was produced on a sustained

basis owed its existence to the erratic pulsations in the brush contact output which affected the

field within the rotor. Moreover, apart from its very low voltage, very high d.c. current ouput,

the machine would easily overheat and DePalma could not run the machine for prolonged

periods. One can say that it is unlikely that the cumbersome machine technology of the

homopolar motor can ever serve as a future power source, but here you have that pointer to the

aether underworld as the supplier of energy and angular momentum as a result of charge

displacement from a central axis, but it has to be a pulsating charge displacement because with

no pulsation you merely have the one-off start-up input of aether energy and no sustained energy

inflow.

(4) The Discovery of John Searl

Here again we are told that magnets can seem to perform a magical trick or rather display

a state of perpetual motion. Here the magnets are Alnico, meaning that, unlike ferrite magnets,

they are a metal alloy that is electrically conductive. If they spin about their axes then they

induce electric charge displacement, suggesting that charge of one polarity can be contained

within an enclosing boundary surface to which charge of the opposite polarity has been

displaced.

The key point of interest from the reports of Searl’s experiments is his use of a large

central non-rotating magnet around the rim of which cylindrically shaped magnets held in

contact with the central magnet by magnetic attraction were free to roll. What Searl discovered

was that, once set rolling, those magnets kept on rolling!

The motion escalated and seemed to bring into play what can only be described as an

anti-gravitational effect, which led Searl into a fantasy world of flight rather than the down to

Earth task of generating power in a new way. Getting the aether to spin whilst enveloping the

apparatus inducing that spin may well affect the gravitational properties of that apparatus, but

that is not what we are considering here. Our focus is on the extraction of energy from the aether

and if those rolling magnets really do speed up for no apparent reason and with no visible power

input then the aether as an energy source is in evidence.

However, yet again, given that powerful magnets are needed, this is hardly likely to

become part of the technology of our future power generation industry, but it provides a further

clue to the mystery role of the aether underworld. Here there is no pulsation of the magnetic

strength of the magnet but that motion is sustained. Somehow whatever it is that imports angular

momentum is being replenished at a steady rate. So what is different here? One answer is that

those rolling magnets are moving laterally with respect to their spin axes. The other is the

presence of that central magnet.

Now for a little creative detective work. Just suppose that, because we have referred to

the aether, one can picture a chunk of aether coextensive with a spinning magnet as reacting to

develop its own state of spin. Can it be that that spinning aether unit, which itself may have

become a kind of quasi-magnet, is pulled free from its host magnet to be held in place by that

central magnet? If so then the onward motion of the rolling magnet to a new position would

imply regeneration of more aether spin, perhaps consolidating into a larger aether spin form and

precessing or reorientating its spin axis direction as the initial process centred on each individual

magnet is repeated. This is effectively a pulsation that generates a steady inflow of aether

angular momentum that sustains the motion. Indeed, according to Searl, what he witnessed was

not just sustained motion but escalating motion, speed up with somewhat alarming

consequences!

It is submitted from this that, guided by certain experiments involving spinning magnets,

there is good reason to point the finger at the aether as a reacting source of energy, a source

triggered by producing a concentration of electric charge of the same polarity so as to set up a

radially-directed electric field in the vacuum medium, the aether. See pp. 200-216 of ref. [1]

for an extensive description of Searl’s efforts.

(5) The Aspden Effect

This author has assembled a motor using disc-shaped ferrite magnets of the kind used in

loudspeakers, mounted on a rotor shaft and interleaved with electrical sheet steel laminations

each having eight poles. Here rotation causes the magnets to induce radial EMFs in those poled

rotor laminations and the passage of those poles past the corresponding poles of a stator

assembly causes flux pulsation. So we have the induction of a pulsating radial electric field in

aether coextensive with the rotor assembly, a recipe according to what has been stated above for

inflow of aether energy.

However, here again, this being an alternative version of a homopolar magnet machine,

the thought of this ever being a way forward in meeting our future energy needs has been ruled

out. However, the tests on this motor did give further insight into that interplay with the aether

and the presence of an anomalous energy gain.

When the motor was first started, spinning at some 1500 rpm, it was noted that it reached

that speed after switch-on in a period of 20-30 seconds. If it was then stopped and restarted, its

speed-up time to that speed was some 5 seconds if no more that two or three minutes had passed

since it had come to rest, but the longer the period waited before restart, the longer it took to

reach 1500 rpm. It was as if there was something there having a weak inertial coupling with the

rotor that was spinning separately and slowing down at a slower rate. Here was what seemed

to be an aether phenomenon.

Before moving on from that research effort several tests were performed at different

times of day and with different compass orientations of the rotor axis. The phenomenon varied

with spin axis direction, suggesting that the quantum spin of the aether has a fixed orientation

in space, a result consistent with the author’s theoretical expectations dating back to the late

1950 period. This phenomenon has been named ‘The Aspden Effect’ by Dr. Hal Fox, editor of

the U.S. publication New Energy News, which is why that expression is used as the title to this

section.

For a detailed report of the author’s tests on this machine (though not including that axial

reorientation phenomenon) see ref. [7].

(6) Thunderball Energy

It is appropriate here to include mention of a phenomenon that has long puzzled

physicists, namely what it is that sustains for a noticeable period the glowing state of a spherical

cluster of ionized air produced on occasion as a by-product of a lightning discharge. The answer,

quite obviously in view of the above commentary, is that the concentration of electric charge,

as by the so-called electrodynamic pinch effect associated with a high current discharge, can

induce a reacting aether spin which lasts for several seconds, sometimes minutes, after the

lightning discharge has ended. That aether spin would form a sphere in which the aether’s own

electric charge is displaced so as to have charge of one polarity in the body of the sphere and

opposite polarity at the surface and, until it dissipates its energy in keeping coextensive air

ionized, so we see what is known as a thunderball.

In this way the evidence mounts, the aether plays a role we cannot ignore in our search

for a future energy source.

A paper on this by the author was published by the U.K. Institute of Physics, ref. [8].

Aspden - ENERGY SCIENCE - AN INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW (2004).pdf

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