bios2005.pdf

The

BIOS Companion

Phil Croucher

Legal Bit

This book and any included software is sold as is without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited

to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Neither the Author, the Publisher nor its dealers

or distributors assumes any liability for any alleged or actual damages arising from their use. Translation : Although this

information has been gathered from original manufacturer's details or practical experience, it is always changing, or scarce, so there

could be technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. As a result, changes will be made to the information in this book and

included software without reference to anyone, and we don't guarantee that the product suits your purposes. As well, no liability is

accepted for loss of data or business or damage to equipment as a result of using the information contained herein - backups are

your responsibility!

Copyrights, etc

Windows, Windows `95, Windows NT, DOS and Xenix are trademarks and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft

Corporation. Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple

Computer, Inc. VAX is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. 8086, 80286, i386, i486, i486DX, i486DX2, i486DX4,

i486SX, and i487SX, Intel OverDrive Processor are trademarks of Intel Corp. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System

Laboratories. IBM, PC, XT, AT and OS/2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp. PCI is a registered trademark

of PCI Special Interest Group. Triton is a trademark of a company in Germany. Any code listings, although obtained from sites

that are publicly accessed, may be copyrighted by their respective manufacturers. All other proprietary trade names, trademarks

and names protected by copyright are fully acknowledged. They are mentioned for editorial purposes, with no intention of

infringing them.

any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the author.

Notice is hereby given that the name PHILIP ANDREW CROUCHER, in capital letters, or any variation thereof, is claimed by

Phil Croucher, which name may not be used without permission.

Sources

Which are gratefully acknowledged:

• Experience.

• Many conversations with technicians.

• Hundreds of motherboard manuals, not all of which were helpful!

• AMI BIOS Tech Ref manual.

• MR BIOS Tech Ref Manual. Thanks to Mike at Microid Research!

• Readers, including Mick O'Donnell, Martyn Smith, Chris Crook, Chris Nicholson, Dart Computers, Pat Tan, John

Dallman, Ulf Boehlau, Rick and Tilman at ProData, Adrian Clint of Samsung, Peter Farrow, Kerry and Toni at

Award Software, Chuck French at Unicore, Ali Kiafar at ECS/TTX, John Dann at ProData, Jerome Czeikus and

Mike Echlin.

• amibios.txt , available from Jean-Paul Rodrigue in the University of Montreal, which had useful snippets, especially

the explanation of Fast Decode.

• amisetup , a shareware program from Robert Muchsel.Copyrights, etc.

Praise For The BIOS Companion

“The computer book of the month is The Bios Companion by Phil Croucher. Long-time readers of this column will recall I have recommended his

book before. This tells you everything you ought to know about the BIOS in your system. Post codes, options, upgrades, you name it. Years ago,

I called an earlier edition of this invaluable and I see no reason to change my view. Recommended.”

Jerry Pournelle, Byte Magazine

“You will find more information about your motherboard assembled here than I have ever seen.”

Frank Latchford PCCT

“Thank! I really appreciated this. I read it and was able to adjust my BIOS settings so that my machine runs about twice as fast. Pretty

impressive. Thanks again.”

Tony

“This book is worth far more than is charged for it. Very well written. Probably the most-used reference book in my shop. ....a great value as the

feature explanations trigger your thinking and allow you to figure out many related BIOS features in some of the newer versions.”

Amazon reader

“For those who need or want to fine tune, or simply understand, the basic and advanced features of their PC's BIOS, this book is an invaluable

guide. It has a very broad range and covers both fundamental and more advanced topics as well as issues specific to particular bios types ( AMI,

PHOENIX, etc. ) and versions. This is one book you need to have as a PC technician and a valuable resource for trouble shooting and

configuring your personal PC even if your not.”

Amazon reader

“I found The Bios companion so useful that I "just have" to have all 3 books in the set. The extra Bios Companion is going to a friend who will

gain great benefit from it. Yes I definitely want all three books. Thank you very much.”

Mike Reinbolt

“I received my package today containing the BIOS Companion book and 2 CD set.... I'm really impressed with what I did receive. I already had

about HALF of the information, and to get THAT much, I had to get several books and web pages. GOOD JOB!!

I had more time to go thru the book and think that you should change the word "HALF" to "FOURTH".

I commend you on the great job you did. That's a hell of a lot of work for any major company to do, let alone an individual.”

Craig Stubbs

“I thoroughly enjoyed my purchase! The BIOS Companion is worth the cost just for the beep-code section alone. I am new to computers and have

found the book and your site to be quite informative.”

pcworker

“I thought the BIOS Companion was quite good. Just chock full of the kind of info I had been looking for. First book I've gotten that was worth

the more than price I paid.”

Tony

“While you are appreciative of my order, I am likewise appreciative of your efforts to make such a reference available. BIOS's are the

most mysterious things in the computing world to figure out. I realize the BIOS manufactures have made great effort to provide detailed

information in the BIOS help (F1) (ok, so that's a bit of sarcasm). Traditionally, I have had to piece bits of information together that I

have found at various locations. Once again thanks.”

Brian Presson, System Engineer

“The Bios companion is an absolute must for anyone who builds or configures PC's! It is by far worth the money you pay for it. Phil

Croucher has done a superb job! He explains in great detail all of the settings that even most PC technicians have no idea of what they do

or effect, and mostly some very helpful suggestions on system settings as well. An Absolute Must have!”

Larry Stark, LPG Computers

Memphis, TN

“I purchased the 2000 edition of the complete The BIOS Companion - PDF from DigiBuy today. Any way you look at it, the

information contained is well worth the $15 dollar investment. I must personally thank you for publishing such a wonderful resource for

techies such as myself. Thank you again for all of the hard work.”

Sincerely, Boyd Stephens

“I spent two hours going through the different sections therein. Everything is there and I can only say, 'AWSOME'.”

Robert, San Francisco

“Hi, Phil

The book is absolutely phenomenal !! - Congratulations ! This is exactly the kind of reference many people (including our instructors)

need - everything in one place, beautifully organised, crammed full of essential, UNDERSTANDABLE, info.”

Alain Hendrikse, South Africa

“Your BIOS guide I had from 1994 was one of those 'never throw it away' items that I knew I would need an update for.”

Adrian Clint

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1The BIOS

BIOS Data Area

What Happens When You Switch On

How old is my BIOS?

Identifying Your BIOS

What's in my machine (using debug)?

Where Can I Get A New BIOS?

Flash BIOS Upgrades

Recovering A Corrupt BIOS

DMI

Facilities Provided

2The Mothrbord

The Central Processor

Chip Reference Chart

3Memoy

Static RAM

Dynamic RAM

Wait states

Shadow RAM

Random Access Memory

CMOS Memory Map

Numbers On Chips

4Bus Typs

ISA

EISA

Micro Channel Architecture

Local Bus

PCMCIA

USB

FireWire

The BIOS Companion i

Contents

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