The Practical Methods Of Organic Chemistry - LUDWIG GATTERMANN.pdf - Organic chemistry - annam101

THE PRACTICAL METHODS

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

LUDWIG GATTERMANN, PH.D.

PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS

TRANSLATED BY

WILLIAM B. SCHOBER, PH.D.

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN LEHIGH UNIVERSITY

THE SECOND AMERICAN -FROM. THEFOURTH GERMAN

EDITION

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THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD.

1909

Bv THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

First printed September, 1901. Reprinted

September, 1903; July, 1905; January, 1906;

October, 1907; February, 1909.

J. S. CmMng & Co. — Berwick k Smith Co.

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TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

THE success of Professor Gattermann's book in the original

has warranted its reproduction in English. The translation is

intended for those students of chemistry who have not yet

become sufficiently familiar with scientific German to be able

to read it accurately without constant reference to a dictionary.

To such students this translation is offered, in the hope that it

will increase their interest in the science without causing a cor-

responding decrease in their efforts to acquire a knowledge of

German, which is indispensable to every well-trained chemist.

My grateful acknowledgments are due to my colleague, Dr.

H. M. Ullmann, for many valuable suggestions, and to Professor

Gattermann for his courtesy in pointing out several inaccuracies

in the German edition.

WILLIAM B. SCHOBER.

SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA,

April, 1896.

PREFACE

THE present book has resulted primarily from the private needs

of the author. If one is obliged to initiate a large number of

students at the same time into organic laboratory work, it is

frequently impossible, even with the best intentions, to direct the

attention of each individual to the innumerable details of labo-

ratory methods. In order that students, even in the absence of

the instructor, can gain the assistance necessary for the carrying

out of the common operations, a General Part, dealing with

crystallisation, distillation, drying, analytical operations, etc., is

given before the special directions for Preparations. In the

composition of this General Part, it has been considered of

more value to describe the most important operations in such

a way that the beginner may be able to carry out the directions

independently, rather than to give as fully as possible the numer-

ous modifications of individual operations. In the Special Part,

to each preparation are added general observations, which relate

to the character and general significance of the reaction carried

out in practice; and the result follows, that the student during

the period given to laboratory work, becomes familiar with the

most varied theoretical knowledge, which, acquired under these

conditions adheres more firmly, as is well known, than if that

knowledge were obtained exclusively from a purely theoretical

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