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peaYJlbTare, HeCMOTpR Ha aaKJIIOqeHHe B 1508 r. HOBoro AorOBopa
IIelKAY PYCCKHM rOCYAapCTBOM H illBellHeii, B paMKax KOToporo npJl-
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maTh Bce BonpoCbI 0 KOHl/JJJHKTax, B peaJlbHOCTH HanpJllKeHHOCTb TOJIb-
EO HapaCTaJla, BblJlHBmHCb B 1554 r. B BoiiHy co illBellHeii, npoAOJl-
lI!3BmyJOCJI AO 1557 r. 31'0T BoopymeHHbIii KOHlj)JIHKT TaKlKe aaxoH-
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