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RF Components and Circuits
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RF Components and Circuits
Joseph J. Carr
Newnes
O XFORD A MSTERDAM B OSTON L ONDON N EW Y ORK P ARIS
S AN D IEGO S AN F RANCISCO S INGAPORE S YDNEY T OKYO
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Newnes
An imprint of Elsevier Science
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
First edition 2002
Copyright © Joseph J. Carr and Elsevier Science Ltd 2002. All rights reserved
The right of Joseph J. Carr to be identified as the author of this work
has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form
(including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means
and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this
publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder
except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the
Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London,
England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written
permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 7506 48449
Published in conjunction with Radio Society of Great Britain,
Lambda House, Cranborne Road, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3JE. UK
www.rsgb.org.uk
For information on all Newnes publications
visit our website at: newnespress.com
Cover illustration supplied by Coilcraft Europe Ltd
Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Rochester, Kent
Printed and bound in Great Britain
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Foreword
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Remembering Joe Carr, K4IPV
.................................
?
Preface
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Part 1 Introduction
....................................................
1
1 Introduction to radio frequencies
..........................
1
..................................
Why are radio frequencies different?
1
.............................
1
What this book covers
....................................................
1
2 Signals and noise
....................................................
2
Types of signals
.............................................................
Static and quasistatic signals
2
...........................................
2
................................................................
Repetitive signals
2
.............................................................
Transient signals and pulse signals
2
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9
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Waveform symmetry
9
......................................................
11
Transient signals
............................................................
17
Sampled signals
.............................................................
18
..............................................................................
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)
21
...................................
Noise factor, noise figure and noise temperature
27
..........
29
Noise factor (FN)
..............................................................
29
..............................................................
Noise temperature ( Te)
30
...................................................
Noise in cascade amplifiers
30
...........................................
31
..............................................
Noise reduction by signal averaging
31
..............................
32
Example
.........................................................................
32
.......................................................
Signals, noise and reception
3
..........................................
3
The reception problem
...................................................
35
.......................................................................
Radio receiver specifications
37
.........................................
38
Origins
............................................................................
Crystal video receivers
38
.....................................................
Tuned radio frequency (TRF) receivers
3.4
...........................
3.4
What are the ’radio frequencies’?
Periodic signals
Fourier series
Noise
Noise figure (NF)
Noise reduction strategies
3 Radio receivers
Strategies

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