2011_k7ua_new_dxers_handbook.pdf
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“THE NEW DXER’S HANDBOOK” ©
Written by:
BRYCE K. ANDERSON, K7UA
April 27, 2011
Copyright 2010‐2011 ‐ The author grants permission to individuals to reproduce this document for personal non‐commercial use under the
condition that credit is given to the author.
INDEX:
Page
Forward:
3
Chapter – 1
Listening – The key to successful DXing 4
Chapter – 2
DX Cluster Basics 6
Chapter – 3
The Holy Grail of DXing‐The DX Century Club 8
Chapter – 4
The DXer’s Toolkit 10
Chapter – 5
Split Operation & How to Be Heard in a Pileup 14
Chapter – 6
DX Propagation Basics 17
Chapter – 7
Phonetics 22
Chapter – 8
The Art of QSLing 23
Chapter – 9
DX Intelligence 28
Author’s Comments:
29
Azimuth Chart
30
Originally this handbook was written for the membership of the Utah DX Association. Some of the
details are specific to our Utah location. If you are in another region you will have different, but
similar resources for DX clusters, QSL bureau contacts, card checkers, etc. Your specific details can
easily be found on the web.
Some of our members asked for an azimuth chart to be included in the handbook. The one on page
30 is again specific for Utah. You can easily generate one for your exact location by using one of the
resources listed in the propagation chapter.
Good luck with your DXing!
2
Forward:
Every accomplished DXer was a beginner at one time. This
booklet contains many of the basics of successful DXing. DXing can become a
lifelong passion. It is also a lot of fun! DXing offers opportunities of personal
growth in a wide variety of areas from geography, to science, to language skills.
It also offers a competitive outlet for those who are so inclined.
I hope that this short handbook will give a running start to those new to our
ranks.
Best regards,
Bryce Anderson, K7UA
3
CHAPTER ‐ 1
Listening – The key to successful DXing:
The humble student approached the Zen Master, bowing and slowly gaining the courage to ask:
“Master….. What is the secret of working DX?” The Master smiled and simply replied: “
Listen. Always
listen
, Grasshopper.”
Listen? Why? Listen for what?
In the most literal sense an accomplished DXer is truly a hunter. Great hunters know what they are
hunting, what it looks like, what it sounds like, and where it is likely to be found. They don’t just tromp
through the woods hoping that their prize will just stand in front of them saying “Hey, shoot me!” They
know when and where to look to improve their odds and they keep a keen eye open to find the big
game before someone else does.
That is why we listen.
We are scouting the band for stations that just came on the air. The weak ones
from far away that no one else has noticed yet. If you are the first to find a great DX station, you will
probably get him. You will have no competition. Also, some openings to the most remote places on
Earth are only a few minutes long. You have to be there at just the right time. Sometimes propagation
can be very selective in who can contact who. You might just be the only one hearing that rare DX
station.
Oh! I don’t need to do that! I’ll just wait for him to come up on the DX Cluster system.
OK. If you are
“THE T‐REX”
of 20M this might work out fine. You have the power to destroy your
competition and slam through any pile up. However, for the rest of us, once a rare DX station is spotted
the competition skyrockets. And by not listening, you will miss out on those weak ones that no one else
ever hears or bothers to spot. Using DX Clusters is a terrific tool, but it isn’t the only means to becoming
a successful DXer. We will discuss DX Clusters in a later chapter.
Now back to
listening ‐ the key to successful DXing.
The concept of listening is very simple. Start on
one end of the band and slowly tune up or down the band looking for DX. You should especially check
out the DX portion of that band. The DX portion is usually the lower end of each sub‐band (phone &
CW). While you are slowly tuning, stop on each station that you hear for a few seconds and figure out if
they are DX, working DX, or of no interest to a DXer. Pick out call letters. They are the obvious way to
determine if a station is DX or not. The subject that they are discussing can also be a clue. A rag chew
discussing something mundane can be skipped over. A station ripping off QSOs as fast as they can go is
something to be checked out further. Pay special attention to weak signals, phone operators speaking
with accents or in a foreign language, and to signals that just sound “funny.” By funny I mean having a
“fluttery” sound, an echo, or a poor CW note. Signals that travel over the poles are impacted by the
aurora that is always present. It gives both phone and CW signals the fluttery sound. It is called “arctic
flutter.” Once you have heard it, you will never forget it. Echoes come from signals arriving at your
4
location from multiple paths. The difference in those path lengths creates the echo. Sometimes US
stations sound this way from “backscatter,” but some DX stations from very far away may be arriving via
multiple paths and also have an echo. Poor CW notes may be caused by echoes or from technical issues
at the DX station. A poor power source or equipment that was not constructed to modern standards
may tip you off to a DX station. Commercial power is very poor in many parts of the world and good
equipment may be very hard to obtain. Of course when you tune upon a huge pileup you know that
something of interest is on!
The best way to listen is by wearing headphones. Having a nice speaker to use with rag chews, waiting
for your turn on the net roster, or other casual operating is fine. For DXing you need headphones.
Headphones allow you to reduce the noise around you and to use the minimum of AF gain (volume).
You can concentrate better without distractions.
You will hear a weak signal better with headphones.
Trust me on that.
Not just any headphones will do. First they have to be comfortable so that you can wear them for
extended periods. Another factor to consider is the frequency response of the headset. High fidelity
headsets designed for music have a very wide frequency response. Typically from 50 to 20,000 hertz.
Communications only uses a range from about 300 to 3,000 hertz. You don’t want those super highs
because in a communications situation they are just noise. The chest thumping bass response is also
useless. You are better off with a headset designed for communications. Various manufacturers make
them. Most of us use headsets made by Heil Sound
http://www.heilsound.com/
. They are the
standard for ham radio and difficult to beat. Noise cancelling phones can be useful if you have
something like an amplifier blower making a constant sound that can be blocked out. The final choice of
a headset is very personal, just like picking out a pair of shoes.
As you gain experience in listening you will get greater and greater rewards. There is no doubt that an
experienced DXer will pick out many more DX stations than a less experienced operator. You too can
gain that skill through practice. After a while you will be able to “sniff out” DX that many others won’t
even notice.
5
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