Virtual-Web.pdf

Virtual Web mini−HOWTO

Dan Pancamo

Parag Mehta

pm@gnuos.org

David Merrill − Conversion from text to DocBook SGML.

Revision History

Revision 1.1 2001−06−03

New maintainer, converted to DocBook (SGML), Licensed under GFDL.

Revision 1.0

1995−11−24

Initial Release.

This HOWTO discuss the essentials of setting up a Virtual Web Site under Linux.

Virtual Web mini−HOWTO

Table of Contents

1. License. .............................................................................................................................................................1

2. What is a Virtual Web Site? ..........................................................................................................................2

3. What Software and Software Patches Do I Need?. ......................................................................................3

3.1. Linux Kernel. ....................................................................................................................................3

3.2. HTTP Servers.. ..................................................................................................................................3

4. How Do I set it up?.. ........................................................................................................................................4

4.1. Create the New Account. ..................................................................................................................4

4.2. NCSA 1.5 or Apache Config Files. ..................................................................................................4

4.3. Configuring the interface. .................................................................................................................4

4.4. Registering with Internic. ..................................................................................................................4

4.5. Configuring Named. .........................................................................................................................4

4.5.1. Example /etc/named.boo. .................................................................................................5

4.5.2. Example /etc/named.data/db.domain1.com. .....................................................................5

4.5.3. Example /etc/named.data/db.xxx.xxx.xxx. .......................................................................5

4.5.4. Restart named. ..................................................................................................................5

4.6. Virtual Mai. ......................................................................................................................................5

4.6.1. Sendmail Configuration. ...................................................................................................6

4.7. Virtual FTP. ......................................................................................................................................6

5. Links to More Virtual Web Information. .....................................................................................................8

1. License

This document is made available under the GNU Free Documentation License.

1. License

2. What is a Virtual Web Site?

A World Wide Web (WWW) Server is normally a single machine dedicated to processing HTTP requests for

a single WWW site. Simply put, one WWW site per machine. Since the computing resources for processing

httpd requests is low for most WWW sites, the majority of the computing resources are left unused. A virtual

WWW site simple allows more than one WWW site to share a single processor. Instead of having

www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com requiring two physical computing devices, www.domain1.com

and www.domain2.com can be located on a single computing device and share common resources.

Normally small computing facilities, and small businesses do not have the resources to maintain a dedicated

web server and a dedicated Internet connection. These cost can easily start off at $10K for setup, and

$500−2500 monthly to maintain. Small computing facilities, and small businesses are now able to "rent"

WWW space from a Virtual WWW providers. The customer can then maintain the WWW "pages" using a

local telnet and/or FTP connection.

WWW providers such as InfoCom Networks http://www.infocom.net/ provide WWW space as low as $75

per month. A few Virtual Sites might clear up the mystery. So the cost of setting up a WWW site is

significantly lower than that of setting up a dedicated server and connection. The Virtual Site has a major

advantage over other WWW addressing schemes such as "www.yourprovider.com/~businessname". The

Virtual WWW server inherently contains the ability to move to a new location or setup a dedicated WWW

server without changing addresses. Changing WWW URL's can result in a major loss of traffic to your site,

and lots of business literature updates.

With most web sites, www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com both resolve to separate IP's. In order to

accept multiple request from a single host, the virtual host must be able to answer request for both sites. The

method used to solve this problem is called IP aliasing. IP aliasing allows a single host to accept request for

multiple IP's. The virtual Web server must have the ability to alias IP's

IP aliasing is just one part of the virtual solution. The Domain Name System (DNS) also must be configured

to resolve both www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com. If domain1.com and domain2.com are new

domains, then both must be registered with Internic. Currently, Internic is charging $50 a year to maintain

your domain.

Most virtual WWW sites should also provide virtual mail, or the ability to forward all mail to the virtual

domain to another user or users.

Virtual FTP or the ability to FTP using the standard host name "ftp.domain1.com" should also be configured

by the WWW provider.

2. What is a Virtual Web Site?

3. What Software and Software Patches Do I Need?

3.1. Linux Kernel

Linux versions 1.2.X requires the IPalias patch alias−patch−1.2.1−v1 and alias−net−tools.tar. I'm not sure if

1.3.X supports this patch yet. For more information on the IPalias patch see

ftp://ftp.mindspring.com/users/rsanders/ipalias/

Using multiple dummy interfaces has been suggested in place of the IPalias solution. While the dummy

solution may work, it does not appear to be as clean as the IPalias solution. For more information on using

Apache and the dummy solution see Aram Mirzadeh's virtual hosting information at

http://www.qosina.com/apache/virtual.html

All that is required to add a new alias using the IPalias method is: > /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias

www.domainX.com

Also, the IPalias solution is supported on several other platforms.

3.2. HTTP Servers

NCSA 1.5, Apache, and Spinner support Virtual hosting. http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/Overview.html

http://www.apache.org/ http://spinner.infovav.se/

3. What Software and Software Patches Do I Need?

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