Glibc-Install-HOWTO.pdf

Glibc Installation HOWTO

Kai Schlachter

< linux (at) murphyslantech.de>

2004−03−19

Revision History

Revision 1.01

2004−03−19

Revised by: KC

Initial Release, reviewed by LDP

Glibc Installation HOWTO

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Preface ..............................................................................................................................................1

1.1. Copyright. .........................................................................................................................................1

1.2. Revision History. ..............................................................................................................................1

1.3. Thanks. ..............................................................................................................................................1

Chapter 2. Introduction. .....................................................................................................................................2

2.1. Why?. ................................................................................................................................................2

2.2. What?. ...............................................................................................................................................2

Chapter 3. Preparations. ....................................................................................................................................3

3.1. Stuff you will need. ...........................................................................................................................3

3.1.1. Software you will need. ...........................................................................................................3

3.1.2. Sources you will need. .............................................................................................................3

3.2. Special things you need to do. ..........................................................................................................3

3.2.1. Things you will definitely need. ..............................................................................................4

3.2.2. Software that may come in handy. ..........................................................................................7

Chapter 4. The installation of glibc itself. .........................................................................................................8

4.1. Obtaining and compiling the source. ................................................................................................8

4.2. The installation .................................................................................................................................8

4.2.1. LILO. .......................................................................................................................................9

4.2.2. Grub. ........................................................................................................................................9

4.3. After the kernel is booted... ..............................................................................................................9

Chapter 5. Troubleshootingif something goes wrong.... .............................................................................11

5.1. Errors with configure or make while trying to compile glibc. ........................................................11

5.2. Something goes wrong during make instal. ...................................................................................11

5.2.1. Going back to a working configuration. ................................................................................12

Chapter 1. Preface

1.1. Copyright

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free

Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no

Invariant Sections, no Front−Cover Texts, and no Back−Cover Texts. A copy of the license is located at

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html.

1.2. Revision History

v1.01: Fixed some missplaced quotation marks

1.3. Thanks

I especially want to thank Nico Schmoigl for helping me get my crashed system back up after I ran make

install for glibc while my system was still fully running. This was the main reason I wrote this

mini−HOWTO.

Thanks also go to all the other people who helped me along the way; getting the HOWTO in correct format,

finding all the typos, etc.

Chapter 1. Preface

Chapter 2. Introduction

In this HOWTO I will explain how you install a new version of glibc on your system.

I wrote this manual because I want to save others from the problems I encountered.

This HOWTO is a kind of guideline, made up from settings and ways of doing things that worked out for me.

No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the concepts, examples and other content

at your own risk. You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system before major installations

and backups at regular intervals.

If you have any suggestions, found another bug in some distribution and how to fix it, please let me know by

writing me an e−mail: < linux_at_murphyslantech.de> .

2.1. Why?

Yes, that's a good question. Why would you need to install a new glibc? Well, there are several reasons:

· you wanted to compile a new program that needs the new library

you are a developer and you need the new functions of the library

· you like the thrill of errors and bugs in new versions ;−)

2.2. What?

If you do not know what glibc is by now, don't worry! When I first had problems with a new program I

wanted to compile, I only knew that my version of glibc was not sufficient for the compile. Now that I know

more, I will try to explain in a very simple way what glibc does.

The glibc package contains a library written in the programming language of C. Libraries are a very useful

thing in programming; instead of inventing the wheel from scratch for operations such as computing the

square−root of a number, such common functions are stored in separate filesthe so−called libraries. When a

new version of a library is published it often contains some new functions, uses more efficient algorithms for

already implemented functions, and so on.

This is the reason why some programs complain about an older version of glibc: the current version just does

not contain all the functions the program needs in order to run.

I know this is not technically correct in all detail, but it gives you a basic understanding of the architecture

behind.

Chapter 2. Introduction

Chapter 3. Preparations

As an installation of glibc is not an easy task. You need to do a lot of things in advance, especially in the event

that something goes wrong. (That is what happened to me on my first glibc install, and I did not make any

preparations.)

3.1. Stuff you will need

Basically, you need two different things: software that is already running on your machine (eg., pre−installed

by your distribution) and packages of source−code for different programs.

3.1.1. Software you will need

· an older version of glibc ;−)

a running gcc

· GNU−binutils

· GNU−make

· the GNU−core−utils

· GNU−tar

· bash or any shell you prefer

· very useful but not a must: Midnight Commander

· an editor you like (vi, jed, etc.)

3.1.2. Sources you will need

· GNU−tar

bashor the shell you like

· GNU−core−utils

· GNU−make

· of course:glibc

· possibly: gcc

3.2. Special things you need to do

Since you are going to substitute the basic library many programs rely on, you can imagine the problems that

may occur.

For me, it so happened that everything went fine until I typed in make install . At about halfway through the

installation process I got an error telling me that rm was not able to run, and I found out that even all the

common commands like cp , ls , mv , ln , tar , etc., did not work; all told me that they were not able to find parts

of the library they needed.

But there is help available. You can force the compilation of programs with the libraries compiled into them,

so the programs do not need to look them up from the library.

For that reason, in this chapter, we will compile all the utilities we need for the install into a static version.

Chapter 3. Preparations

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