Linux+FreeBSD(1).pdf

The Linux+FreeBSD mini−HOWTO

Table of Contents

The Linux+FreeBSD mini−HOWTO. ...............................................................................................................1

Niels Kristian Bech Jensen nkbj@image.dk. ...........................................................................................1

1. What is FreeBSD?.. ..............................................................................................................................1

2. The FreeBSD way of labelling hard drives. .........................................................................................1

3. Sharing swap space between Linux and FreeBSD. .............................................................................1

4. Booting FreeBSD using LILO. ............................................................................................................1

5. Mounting filesystems. ..........................................................................................................................1

6. Running foreign binaries. .....................................................................................................................1

7. Information resources. .........................................................................................................................1

8. Credits and legal stuff. .........................................................................................................................2

1. What is FreeBSD?.. ..............................................................................................................................2

2. The FreeBSD way of labelling hard drives. .........................................................................................2

2.1 FreeBSD ``slices'' and ``partitions'. ...................................................................................................2

2.2 Drive and partition labelling in Linux and FreeBSD. ........................................................................3

3. Sharing swap space between Linux and FreeBSD. .............................................................................4

3.1 Installing and preparing Linux. .........................................................................................................4

3.2 Installing FreeBSD. ...........................................................................................................................5

3.3 Setting up the FreeBSD swap partition in Linux. ..............................................................................5

4. Booting FreeBSD using LILO. ............................................................................................................6

5. Mounting filesystems. ..........................................................................................................................6

5.1 Mounting UFS filesystems under Linux. ...........................................................................................6

5.2 Mounting ext2fs filesystems under FreeBSD. ..................................................................................7

6. Running foreign binaries. .....................................................................................................................7

6.1 Running FreeBSD binaries under Linux.. ..........................................................................................7

6.2 Running Linux binaries under FreeBSD.. ..........................................................................................7

7. Information resources. .........................................................................................................................8

8. Credits and legal stuff. .........................................................................................................................8

8.1 Legal stuff. .........................................................................................................................................9

The Linux+FreeBSD mini−HOWTO

Niels Kristian Bech Jensen nkbj@image.dk

v1.11, 30 March 2000

This document describes how to use Linux and FreeBSD on the same system. It introduces FreeBSD and

discusses how the two operating systems can cooperate, e.g. by sharing swap space. You should probably

have some experience with Linux or FreeBSD and hard drive partitioning ( fdisk ) before you read this

document. The tips herein are tested using FreeBSD 2.2.2, but they should be valid for newer versions as

well. Do not hesitate to mail me if you have comments, questions or suggestions about this document. I would

also like to hear from people who have experience using Linux together with NetBSD or OpenBSD.

1. What is FreeBSD?

2. The FreeBSD way of labelling hard drives

· 2.2 Drive and partition labelling in Linux and FreeBSD

2.1 FreeBSD ``slices'' and ``partitions''

3. Sharing swap space between Linux and FreeBSD

· 3.2 Installing FreeBSD

3.1 Installing and preparing Linux

· 3.3 Setting up the FreeBSD swap partition in Linux

4. Booting FreeBSD using LILO

5. Mounting filesystems

· 5.2 Mounting ext2fs filesystems under FreeBSD

5.1 Mounting UFS filesystems under Linux

6. Running foreign binaries

· 6.2 Running Linux binaries under FreeBSD

6.1 Running FreeBSD binaries under Linux

7. Information resources

The Linux+FreeBSD mini−HOWTO

The Linux+FreeBSD mini−HOWTO

8. Credits and legal stuff

8.1 Legal stuff

1. What is FreeBSD?

FreeBSD is a free Unix−like operating system much like Linux. The main difference is that, while the Linux

kernel has been written from scratch, FreeBSD is based on the freely redistributable parts of 4.4BSD

(Berkeley Software Distribution) known as 4.4BSD−lite. This fact might lead some people to suggest that

FreeBSD is closer to being ``real'' UNIX® than Linux. FreeBSD runs only on the Intel PC platform (i386 and

higher); ports to the DEC Alpha and Sun Sparc platforms are being worked on at the moment. NetBSD and

OpenBSD are similar to FreeBSD, and both run on several platforms. Hardware requirements for all these

*BSD systems are similar to those for Linux.

The development of FreeBSD is managed in a different way than the Linux development. A core team of

developers serve as arbitrators and provide leadership for the project. Big changes are discussed in advance

on the mailing lists. The FreeBSD project has two development trees (just like Linux): ``−CURRENT'' and

``−STABLE'' . The ``−CURRENT'' development tree is where the development of new features happens.

Development to the ``−STABLE'' tree are restricted to bug fixes and some thoroughly tested new features.

FreeBSD can be used and (re−)distributed freely just as Linux. Most parts of the system are released under

the BSD copyright; the rest is under the GNU GPL or other open−source licences.

2. The FreeBSD way of labelling hard drives

Linux and FreeBSD label hard drives and partitions after two differents schemes. This section explains the

main differences between the two schemes. In fact the FreeBSD labelling scheme is an adaption of the

traditional BSD labelling style ported to live within the PC's fdisk partitions. Thus it is very similar to other

BSD−based Unix systems such as NetBSD, OpenBSD, Ultrix, Digital Unix, SunOS, and Solaris.

2.1 FreeBSD ``slices'' and ``partitions''

FreeBSD needs one of the four entries in the partition table on your PC's hard drive. This primary partition is

called a ``slice'' in FreeBSD terminology. It then uses the disklabel program to make up to eight

partitions in this primary partition. These logical partitions are called ``partitions'' in FreeBSD terminology.

This concept is similar to the way Linux (and DOS) handles logical partitions in an extended partition. You

cannot install FreeBSD in an extended partition made by Linux (or DOS). Note that the Linux

fdisk program doesn't display the BSD partitions in a FreeBSD slice from the main menu, but it can

display BSD disklabel information if you give the command `b'. The output is something like this

( /dev/hda4 is the FreeBSD slice):

bash# fdisk /dev/hda

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/hda: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes

8. Credits and legal stuff

The Linux+FreeBSD mini−HOWTO

Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/hda1 * 1 1 27 54400+ 83 Linux native

/dev/hda2 28 28 55 56448 83 Linux native

/dev/hda3 56 56 403 701568 83 Linux native

/dev/hda4 404 404 621 439488 a5 BSD/386

Command (m for help): b

Reading disklabel of /dev/hda4 at sector 1624897.

BSD disklabel command (m for help): p

8 partitions:

# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]

a: 64512 1624896 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 404 − 419)

b: 104832 1689408 swap # (Cyl. 420 − 445)

c: 878976 1624896 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 404 − 621)

e: 64512 1794240 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 446 − 461)

f: 645120 1858752 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 462 − 621)

BSD disklabel command (m for help): q

bash#

The letters `a'...`f' in the first column are the same labels as shown below in the example for a FreeBSD slice.

There are three special partitions in BSD parlace. The letter `a' designates the root partition, `b' designates the

swap partition, while `c' designates the whole slice. See the FreeBSD documentation for more information on

the ``standard'' way of assigning these letters to different partition types.

2.2 Drive and partition labelling in Linux and FreeBSD

The hard drives are labelled in the following way in Linux and FreeBSD:

Linux FreeBSD

First IDE drive /dev/hda /dev/wd0

Second IDE drive /dev/hdb /dev/wd1

First SCSI drive /dev/sda /dev/sd0

Second SCSI drive /dev/sdb /dev/sd1

The partitions (FreeBSD slices) on an IDE drive are labelled in the following way ( /dev/hda is used as an

example):

Linux FreeBSD

First primary partition /dev/hda1 /dev/wd0s1

Second primary partition /dev/hda2 /dev/wd0s2

Third primary partition /dev/hda3 /dev/wd0s3

Fourth primary partition /dev/hda4 /dev/wd0s4

The partitions in my FreeBSD slice is labelled in the following way. It is the labelling you get by default. It is

possible to change the labelling if you do a custom installation of FreeBSD ( /dev/hda4 is the FreeBSD

slice in the example):

Linux label FreeBSD label FreeBSD mount point

/dev/hda5 /dev/wd0s4a /

/dev/hda6 /dev/wd0s4b swap

/dev/hda7 /dev/wd0s4e /var

/dev/hda8 /dev/wd0s4f /usr

2.2 Drive and partition labelling in Linux and FreeBSD

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: