present perfect - basic.pdf - English - lavaza

Present Perfect (1)

1 We form the Present Perfect using the

present tense of have + a past participle:

positive

FULL FORM

SHORT FORM

3 We use the Present Perfect:

� to talk about recent actions:

At 18.00, Anne arrived home.

At 18.01, we can say:

Anne has arrived home.

From 18.30 to 19.00, Anne ate her dinner.

At 19.01, we can say:

She ’s eaten her dinner.

� to talk about our lives:

I/you have arrived

I’ ve arrived

he/she/it has arrived

he’ s arrived

we/you/they have arrived

we’ ve arrived

negative

FULL FORM SHORT FORM

I/you have not arrived haven’t

he/she/it has not arrived hasn’t

we/you/they have not arrived haven’t

questions

Have I/you arrived ?

Has he/she/it arrived ?

Have we/you/they arrived ?

I ’ve sailed across the Atlantic.

I ’ve seen gorillas in Africa.

I haven’t danced the Flamenco.

2 Regular past participles end in -ed or -d :

played travelled arrived washed

(For more regular past participles see

Appendix 2, page 243.)

Many past participles are irregular:

buy ➞ bought

make ➞ made

(For irregular past participles see Appendix

3, page 244.)

go ➞ gone

4 When we ask people about their lives, we

often use ever (= at any time):

Have you ever been to Australia?

When people talk about their lives, they

sometimes use never (= not at any time):

I’ve never learnt French.

Note that ever and never come before the

past participle.

Practice

A Use short forms ( I’ve seen, she’s gone ) of the Present Perfect to make positive or

negative sentences.

� (He/lose/his passport)

� (She/not/see/her sister)

1 (We/finish/our work)

2 (They/buy/a new house)

3 (They/not/phone/the doctor)

4 (They/go/to the cinema)

5 (You/eat/four bananas!)

6 (You/not/take/any photographs)

He’s lost his passport.

She hasn’t seen her sister.

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Oxford Practice Grammar Basic

PHOTOCOPIABLE ©OxfordUniversityPress 2008

Now use the Present Perfect to make questions.

� (you/see/John?)

7 (you/be/to Canada?)

8 (they/cook/our breakfast?)

9 (Jane/make/any mistakes?)

10 (we/visit/all the museums?)

Have you seen John?

B James is talking about his life. Put the correct past participles in the gaps.

I’ve ( � ) (see) a lot of beautiful places in my life,

and I’ve (1) (do) a lot of interesting things. I’ve

(2) (travel) in North and South America, for

example. I’ve (3) (visit) all the big American cities.

I’ve (4) (drive) across Mexico. I haven’t

(5) (be) to Argentina, but I’ve (6)

(work) in Peru and Bolivia. I’ve (7) (swim) in the

Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean

Sea. I’ve (8)

seen

(eat) in the best restaurants in Paris,

and I’ve (9)

(sing) Italian songs in Rome. I haven’t

(10)

(make) much money in my life, but I’ve

(11)

(meet) a lot of interesting people and I’ve

(12)

(take) a lot of wonderful photographs!

C Read the questions. If they refer to a recent event, put a tick (✓). If they refer to

someone’s life rewrite the sentence using ever .

� Have you had coffee?

� Have you eaten elephant meat?

1 Have you bought a newspaper?

2 Have you flown in a military aeroplane?

3 Have you washed your hands?

4 Have you spoken to a prince or princess?

5 Have you had anything to drink?

✓

Have you ever eaten elephant meat?

D Now write true answers to these questions, using either this morning or never .

�

No, I haven’t had coffee this morning.

�

No, I’ve never eaten elephant meat.

TENSES: PAST • PAGE 29

Oxford Practice Grammar Basic

present perfect - basic.pdf

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