Application of Programmable DSPs in Mobile Communications 2002.pdf

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The Application of Programmable DSPs in Mobile Communications
Edited by Alan Gatherer and Edgar Auslander
Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-48643-4 (Hardback); 0-470-84590-2 (Electronic)
The Application of Programmable
DSPs in Mobile Communications
The Application of Programmable
DSPs in Mobile Communications
Edited by
Alan Gatherer and Edgar Auslander
Both of
Texas Instruments Inc., USA
JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD
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Copyright q 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0471 48643 4
Typeset in Times by Deerpark Publishing Services Ltd, Shannon, Ireland.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by T. J. International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall.
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Contents
Biographies
xiii
List of Contributors
xv
1 Introduction
1
Edgar Auslander and Alan Gatherer
1.1 It’s a Personal Matter
1.2 The Super Phone?
2
1.3 New Services
6
1.4 The Curse and Opportunity of Moore’s Law
8
1.5 The Book
9
2 The History of DSP Based Architectures in Second Generation Cellular Handsets
11
Alan Gatherer, Trudy Stetzler and Edgar Auslander
2.1 Introduction
11
2.2 A History of Cellular Standards and Wireless Handset Architectures
11
2.2.1 1G and 2G Standards
11
2.2.2 2.5G and 3G Standards
12
2.2.3 Architecture Evolution
14
2.3 Trends in Low Power DSPs
17
2.3.1 Process Improvement
17
2.3.2 Instruction Set Enhancement
19
2.3.3 Power Management
21
References
21
3 The Role of Programmable DSPs in Dual Mode (2G and 3G) Handsets
23
Chaitali Sengupta, Nicolas Veau, Sundararajan Sriram, Zhenguo Gu and Paul Folacci
3.1 Introduction
23
3.2 The Wireless Standards
24
3.3 A Generic FDD DS Digital Baseband (DBB) Functional View
25
3.4 Functional Description of a Dual-Mode System
28
3.5.1 2G/3G Digital Baseband Processing Optimized Partitioning
29
3.6 Hardware Design Approaches
32
3.6.1 Design Considerations: Centralized vs. Distributed Architectures
32
3.6.2 The Coprocessor Approach
33
3.6.3 Role of DSP in 2G and Dual-Mode
37
3.7 Software Processing and Interface with Higher Layers
38
3.8 Summary
39
3.9 Abbreviations
39
References
40
3
3.5 Complexity Analysis and HW/SW Partitioning
31
vi
Contents
4 Programmable DSPs for 3G Base Station Modems
41
Dale Hocevar, Pierre Bertrand, Eric Biscondi, Alan Gatherer, Frank Honore, Armelle Laine,
Simon Morris, Sriram Sundararajan and Tod Wolf
4.1 Introduction
41
4.2 Overview of 3G Base Stations: Requirements
42
4.2.1 Introduction
42
4.2.2 General Requirements
42
4.2.3 Fundamental CDMA Base Station Base Band Processing
43
4.2.4 Symbol-Rate (SR) Processing
44
4.2.5 Chip-Rate (CR) Processing
44
4.3 System Analysis
46
4.3.2 CR Processing Analysis
46
4.4 Flexible Coprocessor Solutions
48
4.4.1 Viterbi Convolutional Decoder Coprocessor
48
4.4.2 Turbo Decoder Coprocessor
50
4.4.3 Correlator Coprocessor
52
4.5 Summary and Conclusions
54
5 The Use of Programmable DSPs in Antenna Array Processing
57
Matthew Bromberg and Donald R. Brown
5.1 Introduction
57
5.2 Antenna Array Signal Model
58
5.3 Linear Beamforming Techniques
62
5.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Derivation
62
5.3.2 Least Mean Square Adaptation
66
5.3.3 Least Squares Processing
67
5.3.4 Blind Signal Adaptation
71
5.3.5 Subspace Constraints
73
5.3.6 Exploiting Cyclostationarity
75
5.3.7 Transmit Beamformer Techniques
77
5.4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Signal Extraction
83
5.4.1 MIMO Linear System Model
83
5.4.2 Capacity of MIMO Communication Channels
86
5.4.3 Linear Estimation of Desired Signals in MIMO Communication Systems
87
5.4.4 Non-linear Estimation of Desired Signals in MIMO Communication Systems
90
5.4.5 Conclusions
93
References
93
6 The Challenges of Software-Defined Radio
97
Carl Panasik and Chaitali Sengupta
6.1 Cellular Communications Standards
98
6.2 What is SDR?
98
6.3 Digitizing Today’s Analog Operations
101
6.4 Implementation Challenges
103
6.5 Analog and ADC Issues
103
6.6 Channel Filter
104
6.7 Delta-Sigma ADC
104
6.8 Conclusion
105
References
105
4.3.1 SR Processing Analysis
46

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